EX-99.1 2 bfam-123116xex991.htm EXHIBIT 99.1 Exhibit


Exhibit 99.1
Bright Horizons Family Solutions® Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2016 Financial Results

WATERTOWN, MA, February 9, 2017 /Marketwired/ — Bright Horizons Family Solutions® Inc. (NYSE: BFAM), a leading provider of high-quality child care, early education and other services designed to help employers and families better address the challenges of work and family life, today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and full year of 2016 and provided guidance for the full year of 2017.

Fourth Quarter 2016 Highlights (compared to fourth quarter 2015): 
Revenue increased 7% to $399 million
Income from operations increased 6% to $47 million
Net income decreased 28% to $17 million and diluted earnings per common share decreased 28% to $0.28

Non-GAAP measures
Adjusted income from operations* increased 9% to $49 million
Adjusted EBITDA* increased 12% to $76 million
Adjusted net income* increased 17% to $33 million and diluted adjusted earnings per common share* increased 19% to $0.56

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Highlights (compared to year ended December 31, 2015): 
Revenue increased 8% to $1.6 billion
Income from operations increased 9% to $197 million
Net income increased 1% to $95 million and diluted earnings per common share increased 3% to $1.55

Non-GAAP measures
Adjusted income from operations* increased 10% to $200 million
Adjusted EBITDA* increased 10% to $299 million
Adjusted net income* increased 13% to $131 million and diluted adjusted earnings per common share* increased 17% to $2.16

“We are pleased to report strong financial results for the fourth quarter and the full year of 2016,” said David Lissy, Chief Executive Officer.  “Recent studies have shown that more and more young workers say that choosing the right employer is a key part of family planning. At Bright Horizons, we are leading the way in providing our employer clients and the working families that we serve across the world with the critical supports they need to successfully integrate work and life, and maximize their productivity.”

“Our solid financial results in 2016 reflects the continued investments that we have made in the people and systems needed to strengthen our position as the leading provider in our field. Our deep commitment and long history of delivering high quality care, education and service allows us to grow and thrive as we engage employees through critical life stages in our broad suite of solutions. We are well positioned to continue to deliver on our growth plan in 2017,” added Lissy.

Fourth Quarter 2016 Results
Revenue increased $26.9 million, or 7%, in the fourth quarter of 2016 from the fourth quarter of 2015 on contributions from new and ramping full service child care centers, average price increases of 3-4%, and expanded sales of back-up dependent care and educational advisory services.

Income from operations was $47.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 compared to $44.9 million in the same 2015 period, an increase of 6%, primarily due to an increase in gross profit, partially offset by increases in selling, general and




administrative expenses including fees incurred to complete the refinancing of our debt in November 2016. The increase in gross profit and income from operations reflects operating leverage from enrollment gains in mature and ramping centers, contributions from new child care centers, new clients in the back-up dependent care and educational advisory services that have been added since the fourth quarter of 2015, and strong cost management. These contributions are partially offset by the costs during the ramp-up of certain new lease/consortium centers opened during 2015 and 2016, and ongoing investments in systems and personnel to support the delivery of our services. Net income was $17.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 compared to net income of $23.9 million in 2015, a decrease of 28.4%, due to the $11.1 million loss on extinguishment of debt related to the November 2016 debt refinancing.  Diluted earnings per common share was $0.28 compared to $0.39 in the fourth quarter of 2015.

In the fourth quarter of 2016, adjusted EBITDA increased $8.3 million, or 12%, to $76.4 million, and adjusted income from operations increased $3.8 million, or 9%, to $49.1 million, from the fourth quarter of 2015, due primarily to the expanded gross profit. Adjusted net income increased by $4.7 million, or 17%, to $33.5 million as compared to the fourth quarter of 2015, on the expanded income from operations. Diluted adjusted earnings per common share increased 19% from $0.47 in the fourth quarter of 2015 to $0.56 in the fourth quarter of 2016.

As of December 31, 2016, the Company operated 1,035 early care and education centers with the capacity to serve 115,000 children and families.
 
*Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share are non-GAAP measures.  Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, straight line rent expense, stock-based compensation expense, expenses related to secondary offerings and debt financing transactions, and expenses associated with completed acquisitions. Adjusted income from operations represents income from operations before expenses related to the completion of secondary offerings and debt financing transactions, and expenses associated with completed acquisitions. Adjusted net income represents net income determined in accordance with GAAP, adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, amortization expense, secondary offering expenses, debt financing transaction expenses, expenses associated with completed acquisitions and the income tax provision (benefit) thereon. Diluted adjusted earnings per common share is a non-GAAP measure, calculated using adjusted net income. These non-GAAP measures are more fully described and are reconciled from the respective measures determined under GAAP in "Presentation of Non-GAAP Measures" and the attached table "Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. Non-GAAP Reconciliations."

Balance Sheet and Cash Flow
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company generated approximately $211.5 million of cash flows from operations compared to $170.1 million in 2015, and invested $302.8 million in fixed assets and acquisitions compared to $155.4 million in 2015. Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $93.8 million in 2016 compared to $90.6 million used in 2015.  In 2016, the Company repurchased a total of 1.7 million shares of common stock for $112.8 million compared to a total of 2.2 million shares of common stock for $128.1 million repurchased in 2015. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company's cash and cash equivalents grew $1.3 million to $12.9 million.

2017 Outlook
As described below, the Company is providing certain financial guidance. For the full year 2017, the Company currently expects:
Revenue growth in 2017 in the range of 10-12%
Net income growth and diluted earnings per common share growth in 2017 in the range of 28-31%
Adjusted net income growth and diluted adjusted earnings per common share growth in 2017 in the range of 17-20%
Diluted weighted average shares in the range of 61 million to 61.5 million shares

For a reconciliation, refer to the attached table “Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”





Conference Call
Bright Horizons Family Solutions will host an investor conference call today at 5:00 pm ET.  Interested parties are invited to listen to the conference call by dialing 1-877-407-9039 or, for international callers, 1-201-689-8470, and asking for the Bright Horizons Family Solutions conference call, moderated by Chief Executive Officer David Lissy.  Replays of the entire call will be available through February 23, 2017 at 1-844-512-2921 or, for international callers, at 1-412-317-6671, conference ID #13652937.  The webcast of the conference call, including replays, and a copy of this press release are also available through the Investor Relations section of the Company's web site, www.brighthorizons.com.

Forward-Looking Statements
This press release includes statements that express the Company's opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, "forward-looking statements." The Company's actual results may vary significantly from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements, which can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms "believes," "expects," "may," "will," "should," "seeks," "projects," "approximately," "intends," "plans," "estimates" or "anticipates," or, in each case, their negatives or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They include statements regarding the Company's intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies, the industries in which we and our partners operate, our service offerings, and our 2017 financial guidance. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. The Company believes that these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, changes in the demand for child care and other dependent care services, including variation in enrollment trends and lower than expected demand from employer sponsor clients; the possibility that acquisitions may disrupt our operations and expose us to additional risk; our ability to pass on our increased costs; our indebtedness and the terms of such indebtedness; our ability to withstand seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our services; our ability to implement our growth strategies successfully; and other risks and uncertainties more fully described in the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 29, 2016, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the time of this release and we do not undertake to publicly update or revise them, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Presentation of Non-GAAP Measures
In addition to the results provided in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") throughout this press release, the Company has provided non-GAAP measurements - adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share - which present operating results on a basis adjusted for certain items.  The Company uses these non-GAAP measures as key performance indicators for the purpose of evaluating performance internally, and in connection with determining incentive compensation for Company management, including executive officers.  Adjusted EBITDA is also used in connection with the determination of certain ratio requirements under our credit agreement. We also believe these non-GAAP measures provide investors with useful information with respect to our historical operations. These non-GAAP measures are not intended to replace, and should not be considered superior to, the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP. The use of the terms adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share may differ from similar measures reported by other companies and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures.  Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share are reconciled from the respective measures under GAAP in the attached table "Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. Non-GAAP Reconciliations."

Guidance for non-GAAP financial measures excludes stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, expenses related to the completion of secondary offerings and debt financing transactions, and expenses associated with completed acquisitions as well as tax effects associated with these items. The adjustments to net income and diluted earnings per common share in future periods are generally expected to be similar to the types of charges and costs excluded from adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per common share in prior quarters. The exclusion of these charges and costs in future periods will have an impact on the Company’s adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per common share. The Company does not include potential expenses related to the completion of future secondary offerings and debt financing transactions, or expenses associated with completed acquisitions and the tax effects associated with these items in either the Company’s non-GAAP financial guidance or in the corresponding GAAP measures because of the inherent difficulty in forecasting and quantifying such expenses due to the uncertainty and variability of the nature and amount of these future charges and costs.





About Bright Horizons Family Solutions® Inc.
Bright Horizons Family Solutions® is a leading provider of high-quality child care, early education and other services designed to help employers and families better address the challenges of work and family life. The Company provides center-based full service child care, back-up dependent care and educational advisory services to more than 1,100 clients across the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, Canada and India, including 150 FORTUNE 500 companies and more than 80 of Working Mother magazine's 2016 "100 Best Companies for Working Mothers."  Bright Horizons has been recognized 16 times as one of FORTUNE magazine's "100 Best Companies to Work For" and is one of the UK's Best Workplaces as designated by the Great Place to Work® Institute. Bright Horizons is headquartered in Watertown, MA. The Company's web site is located at www.brighthorizons.com.
Contacts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investors:
 
 
 
Elizabeth Boland
 
 
 
CFO - Bright Horizons
 
 
 
eboland@brighthorizons.com
 
 
 
617-673-8125
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kevin Doherty
 
 
 
MD - Solebury Communications Group
 
 
 
kdoherty@soleburyir.com
 
 
 
203-428-3233
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Media:
 
 
 
Ilene Serpa
 
 
 
VP - Communications - Bright Horizons
 
 
 
iserpa@brighthorizons.com
 
 
 
617-673-8044
 
 
 




BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
2016
%
 
2015
%
Revenue
$
398,537

100.0
 %
 
$
371,596

100.0
 %
Cost of services
299,321

75.1
 %
 
281,693

75.8
 %
Gross profit
99,216

24.9
 %
 
89,903

24.2
 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses
43,564

10.9
 %
 
38,010

10.2
 %
Amortization of intangible assets
8,304

2.0
 %
 
7,011

1.8
 %
Income from operations
47,348

12.0
 %
 
44,882

12.2
 %
Loss on extinguishment of debt
(11,117
)
(2.8
)%
 

 %
Interest expense—net
(11,434
)
(3.0
)%
 
(10,732
)
(3.0
)%
Income before income taxes
24,797

6.2
 %
 
34,150

9.2
 %
Income tax expense
(7,677
)
(1.9
)%
 
(10,232
)
(2.8
)%
Net income
$
17,120

4.3
 %
 
$
23,918

6.4
 %
Earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock—basic
$
0.29

 
 
$
0.40

 
Common stock—diluted
$
0.28

 
 
$
0.39

 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock—basic
58,936,701

 
 
60,005,507

 
Common stock—diluted
60,168,025

 
 
61,548,783

 







BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
%
 
2015
%
Revenue
$
1,569,841

100.0
 %
 
$
1,458,445

100.0
 %
Cost of services
1,178,994

75.1
 %
 
1,100,690

75.5
 %
Gross profit
390,847

24.9
 %
 
357,755

24.5
 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses
163,967

10.4
 %
 
148,164

10.2
 %
Amortization of intangible assets
29,642

1.9
 %
 
27,989

1.9
 %
Income from operations
197,238

12.6
 %
 
181,602

12.4
 %
Loss on extinguishment of debt
(11,117
)
(0.7
)%
 

 %
Interest expense—net
(42,924
)
(2.7
)%
 
(41,446
)
(2.8
)%
Income before income taxes
143,197

9.2
 %
 
140,156

9.6
 %
Income tax expense
(48,437
)
(3.1
)%
 
(46,229
)
(3.2
)%
Net income
$
94,760

6.1
 %
 
$
93,927

6.4
 %
Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock—basic
$
1.59

 
 
$
1.53

 
Common stock—diluted
$
1.55

 
 
$
1.50

 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock—basic
59,229,069

 
 
60,835,574

 
Common stock—diluted
60,594,895

 
 
62,360,778

 






BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

 
December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
12,856

 
$
11,539

Accounts receivable—net
97,212

 
97,295

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
49,985

 
43,879

Total current assets
160,053

 
152,713

Fixed assets—net
529,432

 
429,736

Goodwill
1,271,366

 
1,147,809

Other intangibles—net
374,566

 
389,331

Other assets
32,915

 
30,952

Total assets
$
2,368,332

 
$
2,150,541

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt
$
10,750

 
$
9,550

Borrowings on revolving line of credit
76,000

 
24,000

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
127,284

 
114,776

Deferred revenue and other current liabilities
182,861

 
157,017

Total current liabilities
396,895

 
305,343

Long-term debt—net
1,054,009

 
905,661

Deferred income taxes
111,711

 
113,100

Other long-term liabilities
117,850

 
98,829

Total liabilities
1,680,465

 
1,422,933

Total stockholders’ equity
687,867

 
727,608

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,368,332

 
$
2,150,541







BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Net income
$
94,760

 
$
93,927

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
85,284

 
78,666

Loss on extinguishment of debt
11,117

 

Stock-based compensation
11,646

 
9,200

Deferred income taxes
(12,121
)
 
(758
)
Other non-cash adjustments—net
5,936

 
6,902

Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(78
)
 
(13,340
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
(7,289
)
 
(8,248
)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
4,138

 
(6,448
)
Other—net
18,127

 
10,155

Net cash provided by operating activities
211,520

 
170,056

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Purchases of fixed assets—net of disposals
(74,100
)
 
(77,735
)
Payments for acquisitions—net of cash acquired
(228,737
)
 
(77.619
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(302,837
)
 
(155,354
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Line of credit—net
52,000

 
24,000

Borrowings of long-term debt—net
1,065,610

 

Extinguishment of long-term debt
(922,488
)
 

Payments for debt issuance costs
(1,002
)
 

Payments of contingent consideration for acquisitions
(914
)
 

Principal payments of long-term debt
(7,163
)
 
(9,550
)
Purchase of treasury stock
(112,792
)
 
(128,103
)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock upon exercise of options
11,678

 
9,811

Proceeds from the issuance of restricted stock
3,682

 
3,864

Taxes paid related to the net share settlement of stock options
(7,747
)
 

Tax benefits from stock-based compensation
12,891

 
9,397

Net cash used in (provided by) financing activities
93,755

 
(90,581
)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
(1,121
)
 
(468
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
1,317

 
(76,347
)
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period
11,539

 
87,886

Cash and cash equivalents—end of period
$
12,856

 
$
11,539









BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
SEGMENT INFORMATION
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Three months ended December 31, 2016
Full service
center-based
care
 
Back-up
dependent
care
 
Other
educational
advisory
services
 
Total
Revenue
$
330,566

 
$
54,097

 
$
13,874

 
$
398,537

Amortization of intangible assets
7,729

 
431

 
144

 
8,304

Income from operations
28,109

 
15,879

 
3,360

 
47,348

Adjusted income from operations (1)
29,826

 
15,879

 
3,360

 
49,065

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
311,735

 
$
47,634

 
$
12,227

 
$
371,596

Amortization of intangible assets
6,687

 
182

 
142

 
7,011

Income from operations
26,137

 
14,808

 
3,937

 
44,882

Adjusted income from operations (2)
26,491

 
14,808

 
3,937

 
45,236


(1)
Adjusted income from operations represents income from operations excluding expenses incurred in connection with secondary offerings, completed acquisitions and costs in connection with the November 2016 amendment to the Credit Agreement.
(2)
Adjusted income from operations represents income from operations excluding expenses incurred in connection with secondary offerings and completed acquisitions.
Year ended December 31, 2016
Full service
center-based
care
 
Back-up
dependent
care
 
Other
educational
advisory
services
 
Total
Revenue
$
1,321,699

 
$
200,106

 
$
48,036

 
$
1,569,841

Amortization of intangibles assets
27,862

 
1,204

 
576

 
29,642

Income from operations
129,693

 
57,620

 
9,925

 
197,238

Adjusted income from operations (1)
132,178

 
57,620

 
9,925

 
199,723

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
1,236,762

 
$
181,574

 
$
40,109

 
$
1,458,445

Amortization of intangibles assets
26,690

 
725

 
574

 
27,989

Income from operations
115,149

 
56,891

 
9,562

 
181,602

Adjusted income from operations (2)
116,014

 
56,891

 
9,562

 
182,467


(1)
Adjusted income from operations represents income from operations excluding expenses incurred in connection with secondary offerings, completed acquisitions and costs in connection with the January and November 2016 amendments to the Credit Agreement.
(2)
Adjusted income from operations represents income from operations excluding expenses incurred in connection with secondary offerings and completed acquisitions.







BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
NON-GAAP RECONCILIATIONS
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
    
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net income
$
17,120

 
$
23,918

 
$
94,760

 
$
93,927

Interest expense, net
11,434

 
10,732

 
42,924

 
41,446

Income tax expense
7,677

 
10,232

 
48,437

 
46,229

Depreciation
14,890

 
13,116

 
55,642

 
50,677

Amortization of intangible assets (a)
8,304

 
7,011

 
29,642

 
27,989

EBITDA
59,425

 
65,009

 
271,405

 
260,268

Additional adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss on extinguishment of debt (b)
11,117

 

 
11,117

 

Deferred rent (c)
948

 
432

 
2,562

 
2,736

Stock-based compensation expense
3,170

 
2,300

 
11,646

 
9,200

Expenses related to Credit Agreement amendments, stock offerings, and completed acquisitions (d)
1,717

 
354

 
2,485

 
865

Total adjustments
16,952

 
3,086

 
27,810

 
12,801

Adjusted EBITDA
$
76,377

 
$
68,095

 
$
299,215

 
$
273,069

Income from operations
$
47,348

 
$
44,882

 
$
197,238

 
$
181,602

Expenses related to Credit Agreement amendments, stock offerings, and completed acquisitions (d)
1,717

 
354

 
2,485

 
865

Adjusted income from operations
$
49,065

 
$
45,236

 
$
199,723

 
$
182,467

Net income
$
17,120

 
$
23,918

 
$
94,760

 
$
93,927

Income tax expense
7,677

 
10,232

 
48,437

 
46,229

Income before tax
24,797

 
34,150

 
143,197

 
140,156

Stock-based compensation expense
3,170

 
2,300

 
11,646

 
9,200

Amortization of intangible assets (a)
8,304

 
7,011

 
29,642

 
27,989

Loss on extinguishment of debt (b)
11,117

 

 
11,117

 

Expenses related to Credit Agreement amendments, stock offerings, and completed acquisitions (d)
1,717

 
354

 
2,485

 
865

Adjusted income before tax
49,105

 
43,815

 
198,087

 
178,210

Adjusted income tax expense (e)
(15,650
)
 
(15,109
)
 
(67,350
)
 
(62,819
)
Adjusted net income
$
33,455

 
$
28,706

 
$
130,737

 
$
115,391

Weighted average number of common shares—diluted
60,168,025

 
61,548,783

 
60,594,895

 
62,360,778

Diluted adjusted earnings per common share
$
0.56

 
$
0.47

 
$
2.16

 
$
1.85








BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
NON-GAAP RECONCILIATIONS
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

 
Forward Guidance (g)
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
 
High
Net income
$
26,000

 
$
26,600

 
$
122,000

 
$
124,000

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
3,000

 
3,000

 
13,000

 
14,000

Amortization of intangible assets (a)
8,000

 
8,250

 
32,000

 
33,000

Tax impact of adjustments (f)
(3,500
)
 
(3,600
)
 
(13,000
)
 
(13,500
)
Adjusted net income
$
33,500

 
$
34,250

 
$
154,000

 
$
157,500

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share
$
0.43

 
$
0.44

 
$
1.99

 
$
2.03

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
0.05

 
0.05

 
0.21

 
0.23

Amortization of intangible assets (a)
0.13

 
0.13

 
0.53

 
0.54

Tax impact of adjustments (f)
(0.06
)
 
(0.06
)
 
(0.21
)
 
(0.22
)
Diluted adjusted earnings per common share
$
0.55

 
$
0.56

 
$
2.52

 
$
2.58



(a)
Represents amortization of intangible assets, including approximately $4.5 million for each of the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, and approximately $18.1 million and $18.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, associated with intangible assets recorded in connection with our going private transaction in May 2008.
(b)
Represents the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and original issue discount associated with indebtedness that was repaid in connection with a refinancing.
(c)
Represents rent in excess of cash paid for rent, recognized on a straight line basis over the life of the lease in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 840, Leases.
(d)
Represents costs incurred in connection with completed acquisitions, secondary offerings of common stock, and the November and January 2016 amendments to the Credit Agreement.
(e)
Represents income tax expense calculated on adjusted income before tax at the effective rate of approximately 34% and 35% in 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(f)
Represents estimated tax effects of the identified adjustments to net income, using the effective rate of approximately 30-32%.
(g)
Forward guidance amounts are estimated based on a number of assumptions and actual results could differ materially from estimates provided herein.