UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-Q

Commission file number: 0-14942

PRO-DEX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

———————

2361 McGaw Avenue, Irvine, California 92614

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(949) 769-3200

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

———————

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ  No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ  No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨  No þ

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock outstanding as of the latest practicable date: 3,972,588 shares of common stock, no par value, as of November 4, 2019.

PRO-DEX, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PRO-DEX, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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PRO-DEX, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

2

PRO-DEX, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

3

PRO-DEX, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

4

PRO-DEX, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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PRO-DEX, INC.

NOTES TO CONSDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements of Pro-Dex, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” “Pro-Dex,” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-K. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019.

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

On July 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02, (Topic 842) “Leases,” using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of fiscal 2020. The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The impact of adoption was an increase to long-term assets and total liabilities of approximately $3.3 million as of July 1, 2019.

NOTE 2. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

We specialize in the design, development and manufacture of autoclavable, battery-powered and electric, multi-function surgical drivers and shavers used primarily in the orthopedic and maxocranial facial markets. We have patented adaptive torque-limiting software and proprietary sealing solutions which appeal to our customers, primarily medical device distributors. We also manufacture and sell rotary air motors to a wide range of industries.

NOTE 3. COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL STATEMENT ITEMS

Investments

Investments are stated at market value and consist of the following (in thousands):

Investments at September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019 had an aggregate cost basis of $5,038,000 and $3,780,000, respectively. The long-term investments include equity investments of thinly traded securities and therefore we classified these assets as long term in nature because if we decide to sell these securities we may not be able to sell our position within one year. During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, the investments incurred unrealized losses of $57,000 (gross unrealized losses of $206,000 offset by gross unrealized gains of $149,000). At June 30, 2019, the investments included net unrealized losses of $549,000 and no unrealized gains.

Of the total marketable equity securities at September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019, $1,341,000 and $938,000, respectively, represent an investment in the common and preferred stock of Air T, Inc. Two of our Board members are also board members of Air T, Inc. and both either individually or through affiliates own an equity interest in Air T, Inc. Our Chairman, one of the two Board members aforementioned, also serves as the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Air T, Inc. The common stock was purchased through 10b5-1 Plans, and the purchased preferred stock was purchased through the exercise of issued warrants and in both cases, in accordance with our internal policies regarding the approval of related party transactions, purchases were approved by our three Board members that are not affiliated with Air T, Inc.

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PRO-DEX, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

We invest surplus cash from time to time through our Investment Committee, which is comprised of one management director, Mr. Van Kirk, and two non-management directors, Mr. Cabillot and Mr. Swenson, who chairs the committee. Both Mr. Cabillot and Mr. Swenson are active investors with extensive portfolio management expertise. We leverage the experience of these committee members to make investment decisions for the investment of our surplus operating capital or borrowed funds. Additionally, many of our securities holdings include stocks of public companies that either Messrs. Swenson or Cabillot or both may own from time to time either individually or through the investment funds that they manage, or other companies whose boards they sit on, such as Air T, Inc.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value and consists of the following (in thousands):

Intangibles

Intangibles consist of the following (in thousands):

Patent-related costs consist of legal fees incurred in connection with both patent applications and a patent issuance, and will be amortized over the estimated life of the product(s) that is or will be utilizing the technology, or expensed immediately in the event the patent office denies the issuance of the patent. Since we do not know when, or if, our patent applications will be issued, the future amortization expense is not predictable.

NOTE 4. WARRANTY

The warranty accrual is based on historical costs of warranty repairs and expected future identifiable warranty expenses, and is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheets. As of September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019, the warranty reserve amounted to $126,000 and $136,000, respectively. Warranty expenses are included in cost of sales in the accompanying statements of operations. Changes in estimates to previously established warranty accruals result from current period updates to assumptions regarding repair costs and warranty return rates, and are included in current period warranty expense.

Information regarding the accrual for warranty costs for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

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PRO-DEX, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 5. NET INCOME PER SHARE

The Company calculates basic net income per share by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted income per share reflects the effects of potentially dilutive securities, which consist entirely of outstanding stock options and performance awards.

The following table presents reconciliations of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted income per share computations. In the tables below, income amounts represent the numerator, and share amounts represent the denominator (in thousands, except per share amounts):

NOTE 6. INCOME TAXES

Deferred income taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and the recoverability of our deferred tax assets. Such determination is based primarily on our historical taxable income or loss, with some consideration given to our estimates of future taxable income or loss by jurisdictions in which we operate and the period over which our deferred tax assets would be recoverable.

As of September 30, 2019, we have accrued $512,000 of unrecognized tax benefits related to federal and state income tax matters. None of this balance is expected to reduce the Company’s income tax expense if recognized.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits when applicable. As of September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019, no interest or penalties applicable to our unrecognized tax benefits have been accrued since we have sufficient tax attributes available to fully offset any potential assessment of additional tax.

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PRO-DEX, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax of multiple state tax jurisdictions. We are currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service for the years ended June 30, 2016 and later. Our state income tax returns are open to audit under the statute of limitations for the years ended June 30, 2015 and later. However, because of research credit carryovers, substantially all of our tax years are subject to audit. We do not anticipate a significant change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted into law. The new legislation represented a fundamental and dramatic shift in US taxation. The new legislation contained several key tax provisions that impacted us including the reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The new legislation also included a variety of other changes including but not limited to a limitation on the deductibility of interest expense, acceleration of business asset expensing and reduction in the amount of executive pay that can qualify as a tax deduction.

NOTE 7. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Through 2014, we had two equity compensation plans, the Second Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Option Plan (the “Employee Stock Option Plan”) and the Amended and Restated 2004 Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “Directors’ Stock Option Plan”) (collectively, the “Former Stock Option Plans”). The Employee Stock Option Plan and Director’s Stock Option Plan were terminated in June 2014 and December 2014, respectively.

In September 2016, our Board approved the establishment of the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, which was approved by our shareholders at the November 29, 2016 Annual Meeting. The 2016 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the award of up to 1,500,000 shares of our common stock in the form of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, performance awards and other stock-based awards. As of September 30, 2019, 200,000 performance awards have been granted under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan.

Stock Options

There were no stock options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. As of September 30, 2019, there was no unrecognized compensation cost under our stock option plans as all outstanding stock options are fully vested. As of September 30, 2019, the options outstanding had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.0 years and an intrinsic value of $726,000. As of September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019 there were 54,000 options outstanding at weighted-average exercise prices of $1.86 per share.

Performance Awards

In December 2017, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors granted 200,000 performance awards to our employees, which will generally be paid in shares of our common stock. Whether any performance awards vest, and the amount that does vest, is tied to the completion of service periods that range from 7 months to 9.5 years at inception and the achievement of our common stock trading at certain pre-determined prices. The weighted average fair value of the performance awards granted was $4.46, calculated using the weighted average fair market value for each award, using a Monte Carlo simulation. We recorded share-based compensation expense of $8,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 related to these performance awards. On September 30, 2019, there was approximately $59,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to these non-vested performance awards expected to be expensed over the weighted-average period of 3.63 years.

On July 1, 2018, it was determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors that the first of five tranches of 40,000 performance awards had been achieved and participants were awarded 40,000 shares of common stock. Each participant elected a net issuance to cover their individual withholding taxes and therefore the Company issued 24,727 shares and paid $101,000 of participant related payroll tax liabilities.

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PRO-DEX, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In September 2014, our Board approved the establishment of an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP conforms to the provisions of Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code, has coterminous offering and purchase periods of six months, and bases the pricing to purchase shares of our common stock on a formula so as to result in a per-share purchase price that approximates a 15% discount from the market price of a share of our common stock at the end of the purchase period. The Board of Directors also approved the provision that shares formerly reserved for issuance under the Former Stock Option Plans in excess of shares issuable pursuant to outstanding options, aggregating 704,715 shares, be reserved for issuance pursuant to the ESPP. The ESPP was approved by our shareholders at the December 3, 2014 Annual Meeting.

During the first quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, 1,292 and 1,820 shares were purchased, respectively, under the ESPP and allocated to employees based upon their contributions at discount prices of $11.76 and $5.51, respectively, per share. On a cumulative basis, since the inception of the ESPP plan, employees have purchased a total of 20,158 shares. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recorded stock compensation expense in the amount of $4,000 and $2,000, respectively, relating to the ESPP.

NOTE 8. MAJOR CUSTOMERS & SUPPLIERS

Information with respect to customers that accounted for sales in excess of 10% of our total sales in either of the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Information with respect to accounts receivable from those customers that comprised more than 10 % of our gross accounts receivable at either September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019, is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we had two suppliers that each accounted for more than 10% of total inventory purchases. Amounts owed to the fiscal 2020 significant suppliers at September 30, 2019 totaled $168,000 and $130,000 respectively, and at June 30, 2019 totaled, $299,000 and $363,000, respectively.

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PRO-DEX, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 9. NOTES PAYABLE AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS

Minnesota Bank & Trust

On September 6, 2018, we entered into a Credit Agreement with Minnesota Bank & Trust, a Minnesota state banking corporation (“MBT”), providing for a $5,000,000 term loan (the “Term Loan”) as well as a $2,000,000 revolving loan (the “Revolving Loan” and together with the Term Loan, collectively the “Loans”), evidenced by a Term Note A and a Revolving Credit Note made by us in favor of MBT. The Loans are secured by substantially all of our assets pursuant to a Security Agreement entered into on September 6, 2018 between us and MBT. We paid loan origination fees to MBT in the amount of $60,000.

The Term Loan matures on October 1, 2025 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.53% per annum. An initial payment of interest only in the amount of $18,433 was paid on October 1, 2018. Commencing November 1, 2018 and continuing on the first day of each subsequent month thereafter until the maturity date, we are required to make payments of principal and interest on the Term Loan of approximately $72,000, plus any additional accrued and unpaid interest through the date of payment. The Revolving Loan had an original maturity date of September 6, 2019 and has since been extended to November 6, 2020 and bears interest at the greater of (a) 4.5% or (b) the difference of the prime rate as published in the Money Rates section of the Wall Street Journal minus 0.50%. Commencing on the first day of each month after we initially borrow against the Revolving Loan, which we have yet to do, and each month thereafter until maturity, we are required to pay all accrued and unpaid interest on the Revolving Loan through the date of payment. Any principal on the Revolving Loan that is not previously prepaid shall be due and payable on the maturity date (or earlier termination of the Revolving Loan).

Any payment on the Loans not made within seven days after the due date is subject to a late payment fee equal to 5% of the overdue amount. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the interest rate of both Loans will be increased by 3% and MBT may, at its option, declare the Loans immediately due and payable in full.

The Credit Agreement and Security Agreement contain representations and warranties, affirmative, negative, and financial covenants, and events of default that are customary for loans of this type.

Jules & Associates/ Hitachi Capital America Corporation

On July 21, 2016, we entered a master equipment lease agreement with Jules and Associates, Inc. to lease a specific machine used in our inspection process. The cost of the equipment was approximately $106,000 and the lease provided for 36 monthly payments in the amount of $3,121, as well as interim rent in the amount of $7,388. The lease was subsequently assigned to Hitachi Capital America Corporation. The lease was paid off in full during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

NOTE 10. COMMON STOCK

Share Repurchase Program

In September 2013, our Board approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to 750,000 shares of our common stock. In accordance with, and as part of, this share repurchase program, our Board has approved the adoption of several prearranged share repurchase plans intended to qualify for the safe harbor Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“10b5-1 Plan” or “Plan”). During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, we repurchased 49,788 shares at an aggregate cost, inclusive of fees under the plan, of $681,000. During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased 108,088 shares at an aggregate cost, inclusive of fees under the plan, of $1.1 million. On a cumulative basis, since the 2013 Board approval, we have repurchased a total of 637,839 shares under the share repurchase program at an aggregate cost of $5.8 million. All repurchases under the 10b5-1 Plans were administered through an independent broker.

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PRO-DEX, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

At The Market Offering Agreement

In February 2017, our Board approved an ATM Agreement with Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC (“Ascendiant”). The ATM Agreement allows us to sell shares of our common stock pursuant to specific parameters defined by us as well as those defined by the SEC and the ATM Agreement. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 we did not issue any shares under the ATM. From the inception of the ATM in February 2017 through December 31, 2017, during periods when we did not have a 10b5-1 Plan in place for our share repurchase program, we sold 340,465 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $2,311,000 net of commissions and fees paid to Ascendiant totaling $72,000. In December 2017, our Board suspended the ATM indefinitely. Our Board has the discretion to reactivate the ATM prior to February 16, 2020, the expiration of the ATM Agreement, unless earlier terminated by Ascendiant or us.

NOTE 11. LEASES

Effective July 1, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting standard using the modified retrospective method of applying the new standard at the adoption date. In addition, we elected the practical expedient which allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification of our sole operating lease for our corporate office, which includes our manufacturing and research and development facilities. Adoption of this standard resulted in the recording of net operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding operating lease liability of $3.3 million. Our financial position for reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 2019 are presented under the new guidance, while prior periods amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previous guidance.

Our operating lease ROU asset and long-term liability are presented separately on our Condensed Balance Sheet. The current portion of our operating lease liability as of September 30, 2019, in the amount of $289,000, is presented within accrued expenses on the Condensed Balance Sheet.

As of September 30, 2019, the maturity of our lease liability is as follows:

As of September 30, 2019, our operating lease has a remaining lease term of eight years and an imputed interest rate of 5.3%. Cash paid for amounts included in the lease liability was $113,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. As previously disclosed in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and under the previous lease accounting standard, future minimum lease payments for our only operating lease having an initial or remaining noncancellable lease terms in excess of one year would have been as follows:

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PRO-DEX, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Matters

We are from time to time a party to various legal proceedings incidental to our business. There can be no certainty, however, that we may not ultimately incur liability or that such liability will not be material and adverse.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited interim condensed financial statements and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report.

COMPANY OVERVIEW

The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the results of operations and financial condition of Pro-Dex, Inc. (“Company,” “Pro-Dex,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. This report contains certain forward-looking statements and information. The cautionary statements included herein should be read as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they may appear. Our actual future results could differ materially from those discussed herein.

Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in this report, including, but not limited to, discussions of our product development plans, business strategies, strategic opportunities, and market factors influencing our results, are forward-looking statements that involve certain risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those anticipated by us as a result of various factors, both foreseen and unforeseen, including, but not limited to, our ability to continue to develop new products and increase sales in markets characterized by rapid technological evolution, consolidation within our target marketplace and among our competitors, competition from larger, better capitalized competitors, and our ability to realize returns on opportunities. Many other economic, competitive, governmental, and technological factors could impact our ability to achieve our goals. You are urged to review the risks, uncertainties and other cautionary language described in this report, as well as in our other public disclosures and reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) from time to time, including, but not limited to, the risks, uncertainties, and other cautionary language discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

We specialize in the design, development and manufacture of powered rotary drive surgical instruments used primarily in the orthopedic, spine, and maxocranial facial markets.

Our principal headquarters are located at 2361 McGaw Avenue, Irvine, California 92614 and our phone number is (949) 769-3200. Our Internet address is www.pro-dex.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports and other SEC filings are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. In addition, our Code of Ethics and other corporate governance documents may be found on our website at the Internet address set forth above. Our filings with the SEC may also be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov and company specific information at www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch.html.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed results of operation presented in this report are not audited and those results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entirety of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020 or any other interim period during such fiscal year. Our fiscal year ends on June 30 and our fiscal quarters end on September 30, December 31, and March 31. Unless otherwise stated, all dates refer to our fiscal year and those fiscal quarters.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

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An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur could materially change the financial statements. Management believes that there have been no significant changes during the three months ended September 30, 2019, other than the required adoption of ASU 2016-02 (Topic 842) Leases, to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

Business Strategy and Future Plans

Our business today is almost entirely driven by sales of our medical devices. Many of our significant customers place purchase orders for specific products that were developed under various development and/or supply agreements. Our customers may request that we design and manufacture a custom surgical device or they may hire us as a contract manufacturer to manufacture a product of their own design. In either case, we have extensive experience with autoclavable, battery-powered and electric, multi-function surgical drivers and shavers. We continue to focus a significant percentage of our time and resources on providing outstanding products and service to our valued principal customers.

Simultaneously, we are working to build top-line sales through active proposals of new medical device products with new and existing customers. Our patented adaptive torque-limiting software has been very well received in the CMF market and we have continued investment in this area with research and development focused on applying this technology to thoracic surgical applications. We have invested significantly since fiscal 2018 on a thoracic driver utilizing adaptive torque-limiting software, and in early fiscal 2019, entered a development contract with a current significant customer to private-label this driver for their unique specifications. We anticipate sales to this existing customer will increase late in fiscal 2020 as we add this product to their existing CMF driver and ancillary products that we currently supply.

In summary, our current objectives are focused primarily on maintaining our relationships with our current medical device customers, investing in research and development activities to design Pro-Dex branded drivers to leverage our torque-limiting software, and promoting active product development proposals to new and existing customers for both orthopedic shavers and screw drivers for a multitude of surgical applications, while monitoring closely the progress of all these individual endeavors. Our investments in research and development, selling and general and administrative expenses have increased disproportionately to our growth in revenue and we anticipate this to continue in the near term. These expenditures are being made in an effort to release new products and garner new customer relationships. While we expect revenue growth in the future, it may not be a consistent trajectory but rather periods of incremental growth that current expenditures are helping to create. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in any of these objectives.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth results from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

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Revenue

The majority of our revenue is derived from designing, developing, and manufacturing surgical devices. We continue to sell our rotary air motors for industrial applications, but our focus remains in medical devices. The proportion of total sales by type is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Certain of our medical device products utilize proprietary designs developed by us under exclusive development and supply agreements. All of our medical device products utilize proprietary manufacturing methods and know-how, and are manufactured in our Irvine, California facility.

Our medical device revenue decreased $970,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year due primarily to a decrease in product sales to our two largest customers in the combined amount of $836,000. This relates to contractual price reductions as well as timing of order placements based upon customer demand. Sales of our compact pneumatic air motors, decreased $125,000, or 43%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year. The revenue decrease is due to limited efforts to market these legacy devices as we have focused our sales efforts on our medical device products. Sales of our dental products and components decreased $57,000, or 45%, in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 comparted to the corresponding quarter of the prior fiscal year. We will experience future declines in this area as we are no longer manufacturing dental products, but rather simply selling remaining inventory. Our NRE and proto-type revenue has increased $103,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year due primarily to development efforts of a customer CMF driver as well as the private label thoracic driver.

Repair revenue increased by $1.4 million due to increased repairs of the orthopedic handpiece we sell to our largest customer. Typically, upon initial product launch, repair revenue is minimal as most repairs are typically covered under warranty, but as the products mature in the marketplace and after a certain number of routine duty cycles in the operating room, repairs generally increase. We expect repair revenue for remaining quarters of fiscal 2020 to be comparable to the revenue generated during the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

At September 30, 2019, we had a backlog of approximately $20.0 million, all of which is scheduled for delivery during fiscal 2020. Our backlog represents firm purchase orders received and acknowledged from our customers and does not include all revenue expected to be generated from existing customer contracts. We may experience variability in our new order bookings due to various reasons, including, but not limited to, the timing of major new product launches and customer planned inventory builds. However, we do not typically experience seasonal fluctuations in our shipments and revenues.

Cost of Sales and Gross Margin

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Cost of sales for the three-month period ended September 30, 2019 increased by $271,000, or 7%, compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year, consistent with the 5% increase in revenue for the same period. Product costs increased by 10% during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year, due to higher labor rates in both machine shop and assembly and higher overhead rates in machine shop. Costs related to inventory and warranty charges decreased $102,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the corresponding quarter of fiscal 2019, due primarily to a prior year accrual in the amount of $63,000 for a previously announced product recall related to legacy batteries. No similar costs were incurred in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

Gross profit increased by approximately $53,000, or 2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year, and gross margin as a percentage of sales decreased by approximately one percentage point between such periods, primarily as a result of contractual price concessions.

Operating Costs and Expenses

Selling expenses consist of salaries and other personnel-related expenses in support of business development, as well as trade show attendance, advertising and marketing expenses, and travel and related costs incurred in generating and maintaining our customer relationships. Selling expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $109,000, or 330%, compared to the corresponding year-earlier period. The increase is primarily due increased salaries and personnel-related expenses in the amount of $70,000, increased consulting fees of $17,000 and increased travel and related expenses of $13,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period of the prior year as we filled the position of Director of Business Development during the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

General and administrative expenses (“G&A”) consist of salaries and other personnel-related expenses of our accounting, finance and human resources personnel, professional fees, directors’ fees, and other costs and expenses attributable to being a public company. G&A increased by $98,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019, when compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year. The increase in total G&A expenses was primarily related to increased legal expenses related to intellectual property matters, a new scholarship program implemented to award college scholarships to children of our employees, as well as higher bad debt expense, and IT related expenses.

Research and development costs generally consist of compensation and other personnel-related costs of our engineering and support personnel, related professional and consulting fees, patent-related fees, lab costs, materials, and travel and related costs incurred in the development and support of our products. Research and development costs increased $76,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding prior year period. The increase is due to increased salaries and personnel-related costs due to an increase in engineering staff.

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Although the majority of our research and development costs relate to sustaining activities related to products we currently manufacture and sell, we have created a product roadmap to develop future products. Research and development costs represent between 38% and 41% of total operating expenses for all periods presented, and are expected to increase in the future as we continue to invest in product development. The amount spent on projects under development, along with the current estimated commercial launch date and estimated recurring annual revenue, is summarized below (in thousands):

⁽¹⁾

Costs incurred related to customer contracts are included in costs of sales and deferred costs and are not included in research and development costs.

The completion of our thoracic driver is currently a priority for our engineering team. The costs in the table above represent our costs related to our Pro-Dex branded driver, which is substantially complete. As we previously discussed, in early fiscal 2019 we entered a development contract with a current significant customer to private-label this driver for their unique specifications. We have had technical delays related to performance of this driver with a specific customer attachment. We currently believe we will launch this product in the third quarter of this fiscal year and have delayed the anticipated launch of most other products to focus on the completion of this thoracic driver.

Other Income (Expense), net

The other expense recorded during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 included interest expense on our Minnesota Bank and Trust (“MBT”) loan described more fully in Note 9 to the condensed financial statements contained elsewhere in this report offset by dividend income earned from our investments as well as interest income earned on our money market accounts. The other income recorded during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 consists primarily of $65,000 in interest income from a loan participation note receivable as well as approximately $10,000 in interest and dividend income from our investments. The other expense of $20,000 related to interest expense from the notes payable described more fully in Note 9 to the condensed financial statements contained elsewhere in this report.

Income Tax Expense

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 is 25% and 24%, respectively. These rates are less than expected rates due to federal and state research credits.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2019 decreased $1.2 million to $6.5 million as compared to $7.7 million at June 30, 2019. The following table includes a summary of our condensed statements of cash flows contained elsewhere in this report.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $908,000. The primary sources of cash arose from (a) the net income for the quarter of $1.1 million as well as non-cash depreciation and amortization of $138,000, (b) a decrease of $931,000 in accounts receivable due to more timely collection of receivables from our largest customer and (c) a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $391,000. Uses of cash arose from primarily from a decrease of $1.0 million in accounts payable and accrued expenses as well as an increase in inventory of $605,000 primarily related to the thoracic driver and related batteries and accessories.

Net cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended September 30, 2018 totaled $636,000. The primary sources of cash arose from the net income for the quarter of $1,349,000 offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $655,000 due to higher sales volumes in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $1.3 million and related primarily to the purchase of marketable equity securities in the amount of $1.3 million and manufacturing equipment in the amount of $61,000.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $1.3 million and related primarily to the purchase of marketable equity securities in the amount of $824,000 and manufacturing equipment in the amount of $477,000.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2019 included the repurchase of $681,000 of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program as well as payments of $159,000 on our term loan from MBT more fully described in Note 9 to the condensed financial statements contained elsewhere in this report.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2018 included $5.0 million in a term loan from MBT, offset by $1.1 million related to the repurchase of 108,088 shares of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program.

Financing Facilities & Liquidity Requirements for the Next Twelve Months

As of September 30, 2019, our working capital was $16.8 million. We currently believe that our existing cash and cash equivalent balances together with our account receivable balances will provide us sufficient funds to satisfy our cash requirements as our business is currently conducted for at least the next 12 months. In addition to our cash and cash equivalent balances, we expect to derive a portion of our liquidity from our cash flows from operations. We may also borrow against our $2.0 million Revolving Loan with Minnesota Bank & Trust (See Note 9 to condensed financial statements contained elsewhere in this report).

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We are focused on preserving our cash balances by monitoring expenses, identifying cost savings, and investing only in those development programs and products that we believe will most likely contribute to our profitability. As we execute on our current strategy, however, we may require debt and/or equity capital to fund our working capital needs and requirements for capital equipment to support our manufacturing and inspection processes. In particular, we have experienced negative operating cash flow in the past, especially as we procure long-lead time materials to satisfy our backlog, which can be subject to extensive variability. We believe that if we need to raise additional capital to fund our operations we can do so by selling additional shares of our common stock through our ATM.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) have concluded based on their evaluation as of September 30, 2019 that our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)) are effective. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures also include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any system of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as ours are designed to do, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 12 to condensed financial statements contained elsewhere in this report.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business, future financial condition, and results of operations are subject to a number of factors, risks, and uncertainties, which are disclosed in Item 1A, entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 as well as any amendments thereto or additions and changes thereto contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. Additional information regarding some of those risks and uncertainties is contained in the notes to the condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this report and in Part I, Item 2, of this report entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The risks and uncertainties disclosed in our Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other reports filed with the SEC are not necessarily all of the risks and uncertainties that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in the future. There have been no material changes to the risk factors as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Repurchases by the Company of its common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 were as follows:

All repurchases were made pursuant to the Company’s previously announced repurchase program.  

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS