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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________________________________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-33843

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Synacor, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

________________________________________________________________________________________________


Delaware						16-1542712
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


40 La Riviere Drive, Suite 300						14202
Buffalo,						(Zip Code)
New York
(Address of principal executive offices)

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (716) 853-1362

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☒

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value	SYNC	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(voting)		(The Nasdaq Global Market)

As of November 4, 2019, there were 39,188,432 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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SYNACOR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

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		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - Unaudited as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - Unaudited for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss – Unaudited for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Unaudited for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Unaudited for the Three and Nine M onths Ended September 30, 2018	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Unaudited for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	7
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – Unaudited as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	30

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	32
Item 5.	Other Information	33
Item 6.	Exhibits	34

	SIGNATURES	35

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SYNACOR, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - UNAUDITED

AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND DECEMBER 31, 2018

(In thousands except for share and per share data)


	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,232	$	15,921
Accounts receivable—net of allowance of $302 and $225	20,121		25,567
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,604		3,779
Total current assets	38,957		45,267
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net	16,402		18,707
OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS, net	5,567		—
GOODWILL	15,945		15,941
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net	8,946		10,553
OTHER ASSETS	1,168		995
Total assets	$	86,985	$	91,463

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable	$	16,744	$	19,174
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,156		7,849
Current portion of deferred revenue	5,972		6,672
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases	3,404		2,328
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	2,487		—
Total current liabilities	35,763		36,023
LONG-TERM PORTION OF DEBT AND FINANCE LEASES	861		1,367
LONG-TERM PORTION OF OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES	3,266		—
DEFERRED REVENUE	2,663		2,214
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES	290		231
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES	349		457
Total liabilities	43,192		40,292
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued	—		—
Common stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 100,000,000 shares; 39,980,396 shares issued and 39,106,398 shares outstanding at September 30, 2019 and 39,880,054 shares issued and 39,027,572 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018	400		399
Treasury stock – at cost, 873,998 shares at September 30, 2019 and 852,482 shares at December 31, 2018	(1,931)		(1,899)
Additional paid-in capital	145,999		144,739
Accumulated deficit	(100,182)		(91,726)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(493)		(342)
Total stockholders’ equity	43,793		51,171
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	86,985	$	91,463

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - UNAUDITED

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(In thousands except for share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
REVENUE	$	31,366	$	35,643	$	95,039	$	104,481
COSTS AND OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	15,634		18,317		49,292		52,358
Technology and development (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	5,545		5,886		14,668		18,074
Sales and marketing	5,473		5,667		17,014		18,507
General and administrative (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	5,648		5,279		14,068		14,616
Depreciation and amortization	2,605		2,437		7,607		7,316
Total costs and operating expenses	34,905		37,586		102,649		110,871
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS	(3,539)		(1,943)		(7,610)		(6,390)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), net	101		(32)		110		(46)
INTEREST EXPENSE	(80)		(80)		(199)		(265)
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES	(3,518)		(2,055)		(7,699)		(6,701)
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES	207		165		757		478
NET LOSS	$	(3,725)	$	(2,220)	$	(8,456)	$	(7,179)
NET LOSS PER SHARE:
Basic	$	(0.10)	$	(0.06)	$	(0.22)	$	(0.18)
Diluted	$	(0.10)	$	(0.06)	$	(0.22)	$	(0.18)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES USED TO COMPUTE NET LOSS PER SHARE:
Basic	39,073,998		38,951,558		39,056,470		38,856,836
Diluted	39,073,998		38,951,558		39,056,470		38,856,836

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS – UNAUDITED

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net loss	$	(3,725)	$	(2,220)	$	(8,456)	$	(7,179)
Other comprehensive loss:
Changes in foreign currency translation adjustment	(136)		(66)		(151)		(241)
Comprehensive loss	$	(3,861)	$	(2,286)	$	(8,607)	$	(7,420)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

(In thousands except for share data)


	Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Total
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
BALANCE—July 1, 2019	39,917,519	$	399	856,373	$	(1,905)	$	145,464	$	(96,457)	$	(357)	$	47,144

Stock-based compensation cost	—	—		—	—		535		—		—		535
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of treasury stock	62,877	1		17,625	(26)		—		—		—		(25)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(3,725)		—		(3,725)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(136)		(136)
BALANCE—September 30, 2019	39,980,396	$	400	873,998	$	(1,931)	$	145,999	$	(100,182)	$	(493)	$	43,793


	Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Total
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
BALANCE—January 1, 2019	39,880,054	$	399	852,482	$	(1,899)	$	144,739	$	(91,726)	$	(342)	$	51,171
Exercise of common stock options	26,527	—		—	—		40		—		—		40
Stock-based compensation cost	—	—		—	—		1,220		—		—		1,220
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of treasury stock	73,815	1		21,516	(32)		—		—		—		(31)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(8,456)		—		(8,456)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(151)		(151)
BALANCE—September 30, 2019	39,980,396	$	400	873,998	$	(1,931)	$	145,999	$	(100,182)	$	(493)	$	43,793

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED September 30, 2018

(In thousands except for share data)


	Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Total
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
BALANCE—July 1, 2018	39,704,820	$	393	848,754	$	(1,893)	$	143,698	$	(89,130)	$	(204)	$	52,864
Exercise of common stock options	121,403	—		—	—		206		—		—		206
Stock-based compensation cost	—	—		—	—		432		—		—		432
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of treasury stock	417	—		126	—		—		—		—		—
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(2,220)		—		(2,220)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(66)		(66)
BALANCE—September 30, 2018	39,826,640	$	393	848,880	$	(1,893)	$	144,336	$	(91,350)	$	(270)	$	51,216


	Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Total
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
BALANCE—January 1, 2018	39,625,980	$	396	842,220	$	(1,881)	$	142,486	$	(86,627)	$	(29)	$	54,345
Impact of the adoption of ASC 606, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		2,456		—		2,456
Exercise of common stock options	183,167	(3)		—	—		294		—		—		291
Stock-based compensation cost	—	—		—	—		1,556		—		—		1,556
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of treasury stock	17,493	—		6,660	(12)		—		—		—		(12)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(7,179)		—		(7,179)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(241)		(241)
BALANCE—September 30, 2018	39,826,640	$	393	848,880	$	(1,893)	$	144,336	$	(91,350)	$	(270)	$	51,216

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - UNAUDITED

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(In thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(8,456)	$	(7,179)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	8,513		7,316
Asset impairment	1,751		—
Stock-based compensation expense	1,184		1,451
Provision for deferred income taxes	59		(179)
Change in allowance for doubtful accounts	77		118
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	5,369		10,398
Prepaid expenses and other assets	59		(291)
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net	36		—
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(3,132)		(8,682)
Deferred revenue	(251)		(2,756)
Net cash provided by operating activities	5,209		196
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,159)		(5,271)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,159)		(5,271)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayments on long-term debt and finance leases	(2,531)		(1,811)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	40		341
Payment of debt issuance costs	(60)		—
Purchase of treasury stock and shares received to satisfy minimum tax withholdings	(32)		(12)
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,583)		(1,482)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(156)		(234)
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(689)		(6,791)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	15,921		22,476
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	15,232	$	15,685
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest	$	198	$	250
Cash paid for income taxes	$	574	$	293
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS:
Minimum long-term debt and finance lease payments in accounts payable	$	277	$	—
Accrued property and equipment expenditures	$	146	$	142

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNACOR, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED

AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND DECEMBER 31, 2018, AND

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

1. The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles

Synacor, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Synacor”), is a digital technology company that provides email and collaboration software, cloud-based identity management platforms, managed web and mobile portals, and advertising solutions. The Company’s customers include communications providers, media companies, government entities and enterprises. Synacor is a trusted partner for enterprise software platforms and monetization solutions that Synacor delivers through public and private cloud software-as-a-service, software licensing, and professional services. Synacor enables clients to deepen their engagement with their consumers and users.

Basis of Presentation —

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented. These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any subsequent period.

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company made a change to its segment reporting structure which resulted in two segments 1) Software & Services and 2) Portal & Advertising. As a result, certain prior year amounts have been restated to conform to current year’s presentation. Historical Amounts in Note 2 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Note 4 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets and Note 7 – Segment Information have been restated to reflect these changes in reportable segments.

Additionally, the Company has reclassified certain costs and expenses in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, amounting to $0.1 million and $0.7 million respectively, from technology and development to cost of revenue to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported total costs and operating expenses and net loss. Historical Amounts in Note 1 – The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles have been restated to reflect this reclassification.

Accounting Estimates —

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Such estimates primarily relate to unsettled transactions and events as of the date of the financial statements. Accordingly, actual results may differ from estimated amounts.

Concentrations of Risk —

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had concentrations equal to or exceeding 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as follows:


	Accounts Receivable
	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Portal & Advertising Customer A	13	%	15	%

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For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company had concentrations equal to or exceeding 10% of the Company’s revenue as follows:


	Revenue
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Google search	*		14	%	11	%	14	%
Google advertising affiliate	*		10	%	*		12	%
Portal & Advertising Customer A	13	%	*		13	%	*
* - Less than 10%

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the following customers received revenue-share payments equal to or exceeding 10% of the Company’s cost of revenue:


	Cost of Revenue
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Portal & Advertising Customer B	18	%	21	%	26	%	24	%

Recent Accounting Pronouncements —

Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting For Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”), which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in a cloud computing arrangement with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred for an internal-use software license. Adoption of this guidance is required for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted. Entities are permitted to choose to adopt the new guidance (1) prospectively for eligible costs incurred on or after the date this guidance is first applied or (2) retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact of this new accounting standard on its financial statements.

Recently Adopted

On January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-2), as amended, which generally requires lessees to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) assets on the balance sheet and to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, which provides an additional, optional transition method with which to adopt the new leases standard. This additional transition method allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption, rather than in the earliest period presented in the financial statements, as originally required by ASU 2016-2. The Company adopted the standard using the additional transition method introduced by ASU 2018-11. The most significant impact was the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while our accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged. For information regarding the impact of Topic 842 adoption, see Significant Accounting Policies - Leases and Note 3 — Leases.

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed above were assessed and determined to be either not applicable, or had or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.

Significant Accounting Policies – Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application and not restating prior periods. Results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under Topic 840.

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The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed for the carryforward of historical lease classification, on whether a contract was or contains a lease, and of the assessment of initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to January 1, 2019. The Company also elected to combine lease and non-lease components and to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off the balance sheet and recognize the associated lease payments in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

On January 1, 2019, the Company recognized additional ROU assets of $10.2 million, with corresponding liabilities of $10.4 million on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The difference between the lease liability and the ROU asset represents the existing deferred rent liabilities balances before adoption, resulting from historical straight-lining of rent expense, which was reclassified upon adoption to reduce the measurement of the initial ROU asset. This was in addition to the $3.4 million of finance lease ROU assets previously reported in property and equipment, net as capital leases. The adoption did not impact our beginning stockholders’ equity, and did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and statement of cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Under Topic 842, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease and classifies that lease as either an operating or finance lease at inception. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. For this purpose, only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement are considered. As many of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on factors including the Company’s credit rating. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to commencement and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the options will be exercised.

Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, and current and long-term operating lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment-net, and on the current and long-term portion of debt and finance leases on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Significant Accounting Policies – Goodwill and Segments

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company made changes to its segment reporting structure that resulted in two reportable segments: 1) Software & Services and 2) Portal & Advertising. Previously the Company concluded that it had one reportable segment. This change resulted in two reporting units for the purpose of impairment analysis for goodwill.

The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment for each of its reporting units at least annually, during the fourth quarter, and whenever events occur or circumstances change, such as changes in the business climate, poor indicators of operating performance or the sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. The Company is required to evaluate goodwill for impairment when there is a change in reporting units.

Companies may perform a qualitative assessment as the initial step in the annual goodwill impairment testing process for all or selected reporting units. Companies are also allowed to bypass the qualitative analysis and perform a quantitative analysis if desired. Economic uncertainties and the length of time from the calculation of a baseline fair value are factors that we consider in determining whether to perform a quantitative test.

When the Company evaluates the potential for goodwill impairment using a qualitative assessment, the Company considers factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for our products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel and overall financial performance. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we proceed to a quantitative two-step impairment test.

Quantitative testing first requires a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. The fair value of each reporting unit is determined using a combination of an income approach and a market approach. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and any loss must be measured.

The income approach uses a discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. The discounted cash flow method incorporates various assumptions, the most significant being projected revenue growth rates, operating margins and cash flows, the terminal growth rate and the discount rate. The Company projects revenue growth rates, operating margins and cash flows based on each reporting unit's current business, expected developments and operational strategies typically over a five-year period.

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The market approach determines fair value based on available market pricing for comparable assets. Valuation multiples were calculated utilizing actual transaction prices and revenue or EBITDA data from target companies deemed similar to the reporting unit. Valuation multiples were then applied to certain operating statistics such as revenue or EBITDA, and an estimated control premium was applied.

If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value as determined using the two valuation methodologies described above, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit.

The determination of our assumptions is subjective and requires significant estimates. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the results of our reviews for impairment of goodwill.

Impairment Analysis

As stated above during the first quarter of 2019, the Company made changes to our segment reporting structure that resulted in two reportable segments: 1) Software & Services and 2) Portal & Advertising. This change also resulted in two reporting units used to review goodwill for impairment. The Company performed a quantitative test for both reporting units and both reporting units fair value exceeded carrying value.

In accordance with ASC 350-20-35, the Company assesses goodwill of an entity (or a reporting unit) for impairment if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the fair value of the entity (or the reporting unit) may be below its carrying amount (a triggering event). As a result of the such assessment of relevant events and circumstances, the Company performed a quantitative test for the Portal & Advertising segment as of June 30, 2019 for which the fair value exceeded the carrying value.

As such, no impairment charges were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company generates all of its revenue from contracts with customers. Many of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices of software licenses are typically estimated using the residual approach. Standalone selling prices of services are typically estimated based on observable transactions when these services are sold on a standalone basis. The Company usually expects payment within 30 to 90 days from the invoice date (fulfillment of performance obligations or per contract terms). None of the Company’s contracts as of September 30, 2019 contained a significant financing component. Differences between the amount of revenue recognized and the amount invoiced are recognized as deferred revenue.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 by the timing of revenue recognition, and includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue by reportable segment (in thousands):

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	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Software & Services
Products and services transferred over time	$	8,240	$	8,901	$	25,503	$	26,729
Products transferred at a point in time	2,851		3,866		7,334		9,549
Total Software & Services	$	11,091	$	12,767	$	32,837	$	36,278
Portal & Advertising
Products and services transferred over time	$	1,274	$	1,666	$	3,982	$	5,717
Products transferred at a point in time	19,001		21,210		58,220		62,486
Total Portal & Advertising	$	20,275	$	22,876	$	62,202	$	68,203
Total Revenue	$	31,366	$	35,643	$	95,039	$	104,481

Revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the billing address of our customer, consists of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue
United States	$	25,717	$	29,193	$	78,965	$	85,585
International	5,649		6,450		16,074		18,896
Total revenue	$	31,366	$	35,643	$	95,039	$	104,481

Remaining Performance Obligations

Deferred revenue is recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of revenue recognition from software licenses, professional services, and maintenance agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to customers. The changes in deferred revenue, inclusive of both current and long-term, are as follows (in thousands):


(in thousands)
Beginning balance - January 1, 2019	$	8,886
Recognition of deferred revenue	(8,908)
Deferral of revenue	8,792
Effect of foreign currency translation	(135)
Ending balance - September 30, 2019	$	8,635

The majority of the deferred revenue balance above relates to the maintenance and support contracts for the Company's email software licenses. These are recognized straight-line over the life of the contract, with the majority of the balance being recognized within the next twelve months.

Practical Expedients

The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed.

3. Leases

The Company enters into various noncancelable operating lease agreements for certain of our offices, data centers, colocations and network equipment. The Company’s leases have original lease periods expiring between 2019 and 2024. Many leases include one or more options to renew. The Company does not assume renewals in its determination of the lease term unless the renewals are deemed to be reasonably assured at lease commencement. The Company’s variable lease payments are

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immaterial and its lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Operating lease costs are included in cost of revenue and general and administrative costs in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Finance lease amortization costs are included in depreciation and amortization, and finance lease interest costs are included in interest expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The components of lease costs, lease term and discount rate are as follows (lease cost in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	990		$	2,576
Interest	197			597
Operating lease cost	1,067			3,283
Total lease cost	$	2,254		$	6,456

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases	2.1		Years
Finance leases	1.4		Years

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	6.0		%
Finance leases	5.2		%

The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 (in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
The remainder of 2019	$	835	$	1,192
2020	2,389		2,707
2021	1,614		530
2022	943		226
2023	448		—
2024	36		—
Total undiscounted cash flows	$	6,265	$	4,655
Less imputed interest	(512)		(390)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	5,753	$	4,265

As previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and under Accounting Standard Codification Topic 840, the predecessor to Topic 842, the following is a summary of annual future minimum lease and rental commitments under noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):


Year Ending December 31,	Operating Lease Commitments
2019	$	5,276
2020	3,101
2021	1,594
2022	782
2023	250
2024	33
Total lease commitments	$	11,036

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Supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	3,388
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	597
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	2,576

Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use-assets:
Operating leases	$	175
Finance leases	$	3,141

4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

As described in Note 1 - The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, the Company changed its reportable segments during the first quarter of 2019. Goodwill was assigned to the new reportable segments on the relative fair value basis.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Software & Services		Portal & Advertising		Total
December 31, 2018	$	11,318	$	4,623	$	15,941
Effect of foreign currency translation	4		—		4
September 30, 2019	$	11,322	$	4,623	$	15,945

As described in Note 1 - The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, there were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during the three and nine months ending September 30, 2019. The Company has no accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Customer and publisher relationships	$	14,780	$	14,780
Technology	2,330		2,330
Trademark	300		300
Intangible assets, gross	17,410		17,410
Less accumulated amortization	(8,464)		(6,857)
Intangible assets, net	$	8,946	$	10,553

Amortization of intangible assets totaled $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Based on acquired intangible assets recorded at September 30, 2019, amortization is expected to be $0.5 million for the remainder of 2019, $2.0 million in 2020, $1.4 million in 2021, $1.3 million in 2022, and $1.3 million in 2023.

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5. Property and Equipment – Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Computer equipment	$	30,634	$	27,294
Computer software	30,302		27,422
Furniture and fixtures	1,493		1,618
Leasehold improvements	1,115		1,256
Work in process (primarily software development costs)	449		4,584
Other	179		179
Property and equipment, gross	64,172		62,353
Less accumulated depreciation	(47,770)		(43,646)
Property and equipment, net	$	16,402	$	18,707

Depreciation expense totaled $2.1 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Depreciation expense totaled $6.5 million and $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Property and equipment includes computer equipment and software held under finance leases of $11.5 million and $8.4 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Accumulated depreciation of computer equipment and software held under finance leases amounted to $7.5 million as of September 30, 2019. Accumulated depreciation of computer equipment and software held under capital leases amounted to $5.0 million as of December 31, 2018.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the Company capitalized a total of $0.4 million and $0.9 million of costs that occurred during the application development phase, related to the development of internal-use software. The Company capitalized a total of $0.4 million and $0.2 million of costs related to the development of software for sale or license for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, that occurred after technological feasibility had been achieved.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the Company capitalized a total of $1.9 million and $2.8 million of costs that occurred during the application development phase, related to the development of internal-use software. The Company capitalized a total of $1.1 million and $1.0 million of costs related to the development of software for sale or license for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, that occurred after technological feasibility had been achieved.

Amortization of software capitalized for internal use was $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and included in depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statement of operations. Amortization of software for sale or license was $0.4 million for the three months and $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Amortization of software for sale or license was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

There were no impairment charges during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, there was a loss of a major portal customer which caused the Company to assess the valuation of certain long-lived assets. The Company utilizes the discounted cash flow to determine the fair value of the assets. Impairment charges related to the following assets were included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Computer equipment	$	2	$	2
Computer software	1,331		1,557
Furniture and fixtures	102		102
Leasehold improvements	90		90
Total	$	1,525	$	1,751

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The following table sets forth long-lived tangible assets by geographic area (in thousands):


	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Long-lived tangible assets:
United States	$	16,031	$	18,217
International	371		490
Total long-lived tangible assets	$	16,402	$	18,707

6. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accrued compensation	$	5,549	$	5,801
Accrued content fees and other costs of revenue	305		342
Accrued taxes	240		206
Other	1,062		1,500
Total	$	7,156	$	7,849

Included in accrued compensation are accrued severance costs. In 2018, the Company initiated a cost reduction program to drive overall efficiency while adding capacity and streamlining the organization. All cash payments during the three and nine month period ending September 30, 2019 relate to the 2018 plan. In the third quarter of 2019, the Company initiated a similar cost reduction program in order to further streamline the organization after the loss of a major portal customer. These actions resulted in workforce reductions, office consolidations and consolidating operations. All expense charged in the three and nine month period ending September 30, 2019 related to the 2019 plan.

The below table summarizes the activity in the accrued severance account (in thousands).


	September 30, 2019
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	274
Charged to expense	691
Cash payments	(259)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	706

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7. Segment Information

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company made changes to its segment reporting structure that resulted in two reportable segments: 1) Software & Services and 2) Portal & Advertising. All historical amounts have been restated to reflect this change in reportable segments. Software & Services generates revenue by providing cloud-based identity management solutions and email/collaboration products. Portal & Advertising generates managed portal fees and advertising revenue from its traffic on its Managed Portals and other advertising solutions it provides for publishers.

The Company’s operations are organized and managed by type of products and services and segment information is reported accordingly. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial performance and allocates resources by reportable segment. There have been no operating segments aggregated to arrive at the Company’s reportable segments.

The accounting policies of each segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies, refer to Note 1— Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for further details. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization) adjusted for certain non-cash items and other non-recurring income and expenses.

Revenue for all operating segments include only transactions with unaffiliated customers and there is no intersegment revenue.

The Company does not account for, and does not report to management, its assets or capital expenditures by segment other than goodwill and intangible assets used for impairment analysis purposes.

The tables below summarize the financial information for the Company’s reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands). The “Corporate Unallocated Expenses” category, as it relates to Segment Adjusted EBITDA, primarily includes corporate overhead costs, such as rent, payroll and related benefit costs and professional services which are not directly attributable to any individual segment.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019										Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Revenue		Cost of revenue (1)		Segment Adjusted EBITDA		Revenue		Cost of revenue (1)		Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Software & Services	$	11,091	$	2,864	$	3,378	$	32,837	$	9,602	$	8,966
Portal & Advertising	20,275		12,770		2,881		62,202		39,690		8,036
Corporate Unallocated Expenses	—		—		(3,519)		—		—		(10,943)
Total Company	$	31,366	$	15,634	$	2,740	$	95,039	$	49,292	$	6,059


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018													Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
		Revenue		Cost of revenue (1)		Segment Adjusted EBITDA		Revenue		Cost of revenue (1)		Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Software & Services		$	12,767	$	3,076	$	4,160	$	36,278	$	9,333	$	11,050
Portal & Advertising		22,876		15,241		2,234		68,203		43,025		6,246
Corporate Unallocated Expenses		—		—		(3,740)		—		—		(12,884)
Total Company		$	35,643	$	18,317	$	2,654	$	104,481	$	52,358	$	4,412

Notes:

(1) Exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately on the condensed consolidated statements of operations

The following table reconciles total Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net loss:

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	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA		$	2,740	$	2,654	$	6,059	$	4,412
Less:
Provision for income taxes		(207)		(165)		(757)		(478)
Interest expense		(80)		(80)		(199)		(265)
Other income (expense), net		101		(32)		110		(14)
Depreciation and amortization		(3,036)		(2,437)		(8,509)		(7,316)
Asset impairment		(1,525)		—		(1,751)		—
Stock-based compensation expense		(529)		(361)		(1,184)		(1,451)
Restructuring costs		(819)		(766)		(819)		(1,034)
Certain legal expenses *		(282)		(1,033)		(805)		(1,033)
Certain professional services fees**		(88)		—		(601)		—
Net loss		$	(3,725)	$	(2,220)	$	(8,456)	$	(7,179)

* "Certain legal expenses" include legal fees and other related expenses outside the ordinary course of business.

** “Certain professional services fees” includes fees and expenses related to merger and acquisition activities.

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8. Commitments and Contingencies

Contract Commitments —

The Company is obligated to make minimum payments under various contracts with vendors and other business partners, principally for revenue-share and content arrangements. Contract commitments as of September 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31,
2019 (remaining three months)	225
2020	753
Total	$	978

Litigation —

The Company and its Chief Executive Officer and former Chief Financial Officer were named as defendants in a federal securities class action lawsuit filed on April 4, 2018 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The class includes persons who purchased the Company’s shares between May 4, 2016 and March 15, 2018. The plaintiff alleged that the Company made materially false and misleading statements regarding its contract with AT&T and the timing of revenue to be derived therefrom, and that as a result, class members suffered losses because Synacor shares traded at artificially inflated prices. The plaintiff sought an unspecified amount of damages, as well as interest, attorneys’ fees and legal expenses. The plaintiff filed an amended complaint on August 2, 2018, a second amended complaint on November 2, 2018, and the Company filed a motion to dismiss on December 17, 2018. The plaintiff filed his opposition to the motion to dismiss on January 19, 2019 and the Company filed its reply to plaintiff’s opposition on February 15, 2019. On August 28, 2019, the court granted the Company's motion to dismiss but permitted the plaintiff to seek leave to replead. On October 2, 2019, the plaintiff filed a letter application seeking the court's leave to file a third amended complaint. The Company filed a letter in opposition to the plaintiff's motion on October 21, 2019. The Company disputes these claims and intends to defend them vigorously. The Company cannot yet determine whether it is probable that a loss will be incurred in connection with this complaint, nor can the Company reasonably estimate the potential loss, if any. Legal fees and liabilities related to this lawsuit are covered by D&O insurance after the Company reaches its deductible.

In addition, the Company is, from time to time, party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. It does not believe that the outcome of these claims will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows based on the status of proceedings at this time. However, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and the Company’s view of these matters may change in the future.

9. Stock-based Compensation

The Company has stock-based employee compensation plans for which compensation cost is recognized in its financial statements. The Company is authorized to grant key employees stock-based incentive awards, including options to purchase common stock, stock appreciation rights, RSUs, PSUs or other stock units. The cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award).

The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the periods indicated:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	0.98		$	1.01
Expected dividend yield	—		%	—		%
Expected stock price volatility	66		%	48		%
Risk-free interest rate	2.3		%	2.7		%
Expected life of options (in years)	5.95			6.25

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Total stock-based compensation expense included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented, is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Technology and development	$	103	$	101	$	298	$	369
Sales and marketing	149		110		375		374
General and administrative	277		150		511		708
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	529	$	361	$	1,184	$	1,451

Stock Option Activity – A summary of the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is presented below:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	7,669,093	$	2.51
Granted	435,100	1.61
Exercised	(26,527)	1.48
Forfeited	(147,385)	2.20
Expired	(369,723)	2.41
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	7,560,558	$	2.47	5.88	$	3
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2019	7,490,410	$	2.48	5.85	$	3
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2019	5,969,969	$	2.53	5.20	$	3

Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the Company’s closing stock price of its common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. The Company’s closing stock price as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market as of September 30, 2019 was $1.40 per share. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was minimal. The weighted average fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 amounted to $0.98 per option share.

As of September 30, 2019, the unrecognized compensation cost related to options granted, for which vesting is probable, and adjusted for estimated forfeitures, was approximately $1.8 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.25 years.

RSU Activity —A summary of RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is as follows:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value
Unvested—January 1, 2019	11,346	$	3.60
Granted	845,361	1.56
Vested	(73,815)	2.04
Forfeited	(8,500)	1.76
Unvested September 30, 2019	774,392	$	1.54

As of September 30, 2019, total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to RSUs was $0.9 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.27 years.

PSU Activity — During the three months ended September 30, 2019, certain employees were granted PSUs with an aggregate target award of 297,789 shares of our common stock at a weighted average fair value of $1.36. The PSUs vest annually over four years from the grant date based on continuous service, with the number of shares earned dependent upon the Company's achievement of certain financial performance targets measured over the period from January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2022. The number of shares earned can range from 0% to 150% of the target award.

As of September 30, 2019, total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to PSU's was $0.3 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 3.26 years.

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10. Net Loss Per Common Share Data

Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. The Company’s potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, warrants, and to a lesser extent, shares issuable upon the release of RSUs. The dilutive effect of these potential common shares is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.

The following securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
Anti-dilutive equity awards:
Stock options	7,622,972	8,214,370	7,617,538	8,214,370
Restricted stock units	578,150	21,846	390,519	21,846
Performance based stock units	148,895	—	74,447	—
Warrants	—	495,652	—	564,835

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In addition, we may make other written and oral communications from time to time that contain such statements. Forward-looking statements include statements as to industry trends and future expectations of ours and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “may,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” or “continue,” and similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include statements in this Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those in our other Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Overview

Business Overview

Synacor is a digital technology company that provides email and collaboration software, cloud-based identity management platforms, managed web and mobile portals, and advertising solutions. Our customers include communications providers, media companies, government entities and enterprises. We are their trusted partner for enterprise software platforms and monetization solutions that we deliver through public and private cloud software-as-a-service, software licensing, and professional services. Our platforms enable our clients to deepen engagement with their consumers and users.

During the first quarter of 2019, we made changes to our reporting structure that resulted in two reportable segments: Software & Services and Portal & Advertising. A summary of the major products and services of our reportable segments follows:

Software & Services:

Synacor’s software and services segment is comprised of our cloud-based identity management platform and our Zimbra email & collaboration platform.

Cloud-based Identity Management

Our Cloud ID platform provides secure, scalable authentication and authorization that enables consumers to easily unlock access to content and services. It enables single sign-on access to services such as OTT video, TV Everywhere streaming, email, web access customer account information, and other consumer and enterprise apps. Cloud ID is delivered as a platform-as-a-service through public and private cloud infrastructure.

Email / Collaboration

Synacor delivers an open and extensible email & collaboration platform used by service providers, regulated entities (government & financial institutions), enterprises, and small and medium sized businesses around the world. Branded as Zimbra, our open-standards-based email collaboration platform powers hundreds of millions of mailboxes globally through our network of over 500 Business Service Providers, more than 2,000 Value Added Resellers and about 4,000 licensed customers. Zimbra is delivered as software-as-a-service through public and private cloud infrastructure, and as licensed software.

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Portal & Advertising:

Synacor’s managed portal network and publisher-focused advertising platform reaches over 200 million monthly unique visitors. These solutions enable our customers to earn incremental revenue by monetizing media from their consumers across all popular devices.

Managed Portals

Our managed portal network consists of white-labeled browser start pages and iOS/Android start apps that serve as daily destinations for consumers. Powered by our media and programming library which includes news, entertainment, and short and long form video, these products increase consumer engagement and generate advertising revenue. They also provide consumers with self-management capabilities for email and messaging, bill paying and other account management activities.

Syndicated Advertising

Synacor’s syndicated advertising platform works with hundreds of publishers to deliver brand-safe monetization that leverages scale, premium brands and programmatic technology across desktop and mobile. We help publishers dynamically target different audiences by matching relevant content to the right users across multiple devices. Publishers also leverage our demand facilitation services to connect premium advertisers and brands with their target audiences on brand-safe sites.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented in amount (in thousands) and as a percentage of revenue for those periods. The period to period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.


	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue		$	31,366	$	35,643	$	95,039	$	104,481
Cost of revenue (1)		15,634		18,317		49,292		52,358
Technology and development (1) (2)		5,545		5,886		14,668		18,074
Sales and marketing (2)		5,473		5,667		17,014		18,507
General and administrative (1) (2)		5,648		5,279		14,068		14,616
Depreciation and amortization		2,605		2,437		7,607		7,316
Total costs and operating expenses		34,905		37,586		102,649		110,871
Loss from operations		(3,539)		(1,943)		(7,610)		(6,390)
Other income (expense), net		101		(32)		110		(46)
Interest expense		(80)		(80)		(199)		(265)
Loss before income taxes		(3,518)		(2,055)		(7,699)		(6,701)
Provision for income taxes		207		165		757		478
Net loss		$	(3,725)	$	(2,220)	$	(8,456)	$	(7,179)

Notes:

(1) Exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately

(2) Includes stock-based compensation, as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Technology and development	$	103	$	101	$	298	$	369
Sales and marketing	149		110		375		374
General and administrative	277		150		511		708
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	529	$	361	$	1,184	$	1,451

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	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Cost of revenue (1)	49.8		51.4		51.9		50.1
Technology and development (1) (2)	17.7		16.5		15.4		17.3
Sales and marketing (2)	17.4		15.9		17.9		17.7
General and administrative (1) (2)	18.0		14.8		14.8		14.0
Depreciation and amortization	8.3		6.8		8.0		7.0
Total costs and operating expenses	111.2		105.4		108.0		106.1
Loss from operations	(11.3)		(5.5)		(8.0)		(6.1)
Other income (expense), net	0.3		(0.1)		0.1		—
Interest expense	(0.3)		(0.2)		(0.2)		(0.3)
Loss before income taxes	(11.2)		(5.8)		(8.1)		(6.4)
Provision for income taxes	0.7		0.5		0.8		0.5
Net loss	(11.9)	%	(6.3)	%	(8.9)	%	(6.9)	%

Included in the above results of operations was the following restructuring expense:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost of revenue	292		—		292		—
Technology and development	329		283		329		283
Sales and marketing	192		339		192		339
General and administrative	6		144		6		412
Total restructuring expense	$	819	$	766	$	819	$	1,034

Restructuring expense consists of $0.7 million of severance expense and $0.1 million of contract costs for the three and nine month period ending September 30, 2019 and $0.8 million and $1.0 million of severance for the three and nine period ending September 30, 2018.

Comparison of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

Revenue decreased by $4.3 million or 12% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018, attributable to an overall decline of $1.7 million in Software & Services revenue and a decline of $2.6 million in Portal & Advertising revenue. Revenue decreased by $9.4 million or 9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018, attributable to an overall decline of $3.4 million in Software & Services revenue and a decline of $6.0 million in Portal & Advertising revenue.

Cost of revenue decreased $2.7 million, or 15%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease in cost was primarily due to lower revenue and favorable mix. Cost of revenue decreased $3.1 million or 6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease in cost was primarily due to lower revenue which was offset by unfavorable mix, a one-time adjustment to advertising operations costs during the first quarter of 2019 and higher royalty costs during the second quarter of 2019 respectively.

Technology and development expenses decreased by $0.3 million, or 6%, in the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 2018, primarily a result of lower compensation expenses of $0.2 million and lower travel expenses of $0.1 million. Technology and development expenses decreased by $3.4 million, or 19%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 2018, primarily due to lower compensation expense of $3.1 million and lower professional service fees of $0.3 million.

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Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $0.2 million, or 3%, in the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 2018, primarily the result of lower marketing expenses of $0.1 million and lower computer software costs of $0.1 million. Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $1.5 million, or 8%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 2018, primarily the result of lower compensation expenses of $0.6 million, lower travel expenses of $0.4 million, lower professional services fees of $0.2 million and lower marketing expenses of $0.3 million.

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.4 million, or 7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 due to asset impairment recorded during the quarter of $1.5 million offset by lower professional service fees of $0.9 million. General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.5 million, or 4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 due to lower professional service fees of $2.0 million and lower compensation expenses of $0.8 million. The declines were offset by software impairment costs of $1.8 million, higher computer software costs of $0.3 million and decline in investment value of $0.2 million.

Depreciation and amortization increased by $0.2 million or 7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. Depreciation and amortization increased by $0.3 million or 4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior period. The increase in expense is a result of additional capital leases in 2019 compared to 2018.

Other income (expense), net consists of interest income and foreign currency transaction gains and losses related to our international operations. The decrease of expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was due to unrealized foreign currency transaction gain in the third quarter of 2019. The same trend occurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Interest expense consists of interest on finance leases. Interest expense remained flat for the three months ended September 30, 2019 when compared to the same periods in 2018. Interest expense decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, when compared to 2018 primarily due to lower interest incurred on finance leases.

Provision for income taxes of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 respectively, is comprised primarily of current foreign income tax expense, including foreign withholding taxes, offset by deferred income tax benefit.

Segment Results of Operations

During the first quarter of 2019, we made changes to our segment reporting structure that resulted in two reportable segments: 1) Software & Services and 2) Portal & Advertising. Previously we concluded we had one reportable segment. All historical amounts have been restated to reflect this change.

Following are Revenue, Segment Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands) and Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization) adjusted for certain non-cash items and other non-recurring income and expenses. Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA is equal to Adjusted EBITDA, which is a metric that is not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Refer to “Adjusted EBITDA” below for a definition of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net loss, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is the primary performance measure used by our senior management, the chief operating decision-maker and the board of directors to evaluate operating results and allocate capital resources among segments. Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin is defined as Segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percent of Segment Revenue.

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	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue:
Software & Services	$	11,091		$	12,767		$	32,837		$	36,278
Portal & Advertising	20,275			22,876			62,202			68,203
Total Revenue	$	31,366		$	35,643		$	95,039		$	104,481

Segment Adjusted EBITDA:
Software & Services	$	3,378		$	4,160		$	8,966		$	11,050
Portal & Advertising	2,881			2,234			8,036			6,246
Corporate Unallocated Expense	(3,519)			(3,740)			(10,943)			(12,884)
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA	$	2,740		$	2,654		$	6,059		$	4,412

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin:
Software & Services	30.5		%	32.6		%	27.3		%	30.5		%
Portal & Advertising	14.2		%	9.8		%	12.9		%	9.2		%
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin	8.7		%	7.4		%	6.4		%	4.2		%

Software & Services

Revenue in the third quarter of 2019 decreased by $1.7 million or 13% when compared to the third quarter of 2018. Recurring revenue (revenue recognized over time), decreased $0.7 million. This was primarily driven by a $0.4 million decrease in revenue related to a discontinued video product line and lower email revenue of $0.4 million. Non-recurring revenue (revenue recognized at a point in time), decreased $1.0 million when compared with the same three month period in 2018. This was primarily due to $1.2 million of non-recurring service revenue recognized in the third quarter of 2018 which was partially offset by higher professional services revenue of $0.2 million.

Revenue in the first nine months of 2019 decreased by $3.4 million or 9% when compared to the first nine months of 2018. Recurring revenue (revenue recognized over time) decreased $1.2 million, primarily due to $0.8 million of discontinued video product line and lower email revenue of $0.5 million. Non-recurring revenue (revenue recognized at a point in time) decreased $2.2 million. This was primarily due to the $2.2 million of non-recurring service revenue recognized in the second and third quarters of 2018.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the third quarter of 2019 decreased by $0.8 million to $3.4 million compared to the third quarter of 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower revenue and unfavorable mix which was only partially offset by lower operating expenses. As a result, the Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin decreased to 30.5% compared to 32.6% in the third quarter of 2018. Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the first nine months of 2019 decreased by $2.1 million to $9.0 million or 19% compared to the first nine months of 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower revenue, higher royalty fees and unfavorable mix which were only partially offset by lower operating expenses. As a result, the Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin decreased to 27.3% compared to 30.5% for the same period in 2018.

Portal & Advertising

Revenue in the third quarter of 2019 decreased by $2.6 million or 11%, when compared to the third quarter of 2018. Recurring revenue was down $0.4 million primarily due to lower portal fees and the expected, continual decline in premium service fees. Non-recurring revenue was down $2.2 million primarily due to lower portal and advertising revenue of $5.3 million that was offset by growth in publisher based advertising of $3.1 million. The same trends continued for the first nine months of 2019 when compared to the same period in 2018. Revenue decreased by $6.0 million or 9%. Recurring revenue was down $1.7 million and non-recurring revenue was down $4.3 million. The lower portal and advertising revenue comparisons were impacted unfavorably by $3.1 million for the third quarter and $3.2 million for September year to date due to the loss of a significant portal customer.

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Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the third quarter of 2019 increased by $0.6 million to $2.9 million compared to the third quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to lower operating expenses and improved advertising margins which more than offset the lower revenue. As a result, the Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased to 14.2% compared to 9.8% in the third quarter of 2018. Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the nine months of 2019 increased by $1.8 million to $8.0 million compared to the first nine months of 2018. The increase was due to lower operating expenses and improved advertising margins which more than offset the lower revenue and some one-time advertising operations costs. As a result, the Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased to 12.9% compared to 9.2% in the first nine months of 2018.

Corporate Unallocated Expense

Corporate Unallocated Expense primarily includes corporate overhead costs, such as rent, payroll and related benefit costs and professional services which are not directly attributable to any individual segment. Corporate Unallocated Expense decreased in the third quarter of 2019 by $0.2 million or 6% compared to the third quarter of 2018. The decrease in expense is primarily a result of lower compensation costs of $0.2 million. Corporate Unallocated Expense decreased in the first nine months of 2019 by $1.9 million or 15% compared to the first nine months of 2018. The decrease in Corporate Unallocated expense is primarily a result of lower professional service fees of $2.3 million and lower compensation costs of $0.2 million offset by higher computer software costs of $0.3 million and decline in investment value of $0.2 million.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our estimates form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

An accounting policy is considered to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur, could materially impact the condensed consolidated financial statements. We believe that our critical accounting policies reflect the more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” We have updated our Leases policy in conjunction with the adoption of ASC 842, and our Goodwill and Segments Policy upon the change of reporting structure effective in the first quarter of 2019 that resulted in two reporting units, as further described in Note 1 – The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Adjusted EBITDA

To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q adjusted EBITDA, a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure. We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus: provision (benefit) for income taxes, interest expense, other (income) expense, depreciation and amortization, asset impairments, stock-based compensation, restructuring costs, and certain other one-time items. We have provided a reconciliation below of adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure.

We have included adjusted EBITDA in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to prepare and approve our annual budget and to develop short and long-term operational plans. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Additionally, adjusted EBITDA is a key financial measure used by the compensation committee of our board of directors in connection with the payment of bonuses to our executive officers. Accordingly, we believe that adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors.

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Our use of adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

•although depreciation and amortization and asset impairments are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated, amortized or impaired may have to be replaced in the future, and adjusted EBITDA does not reflect capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;

•adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

•adjusted EBITDA does not consider the potentially dilutive impact of equity-based compensation;

•adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us;

•adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of principal or interest payments required to service our finance leases or long-term debt borrowings (if any);

•adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of the cost of business acquisitions on the cash available to us;

•adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of non-recurring items, such as the costs associated with reductions in workforce on the cash available to us: and

•other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate adjusted EBITDA differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, adjusted EBITDA should be considered alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net (loss) income and our other U.S. GAAP results. The following table presents a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net (loss) income for each of the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA:
Net loss	$	(3,725)	$	(2,220)	$	(8,456)	$	(7,179)
Provision for income taxes	207		165		757		478
Interest expense	80		80		199		265
Other income (expense), net	(101)		32		(110)		14
Depreciation and amortization	3,036		2,437		8,509		7,316
Asset impairment	1,525		—		1,751		—
Stock-based compensation expense	529		361		1,184		1,451
Restructuring costs	819		766		819		1,034
Certain legal expenses *	282		1,033		805		1,033
Certain professional services fees**	88		—		601		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	2,740	$	2,654	$	6,059	$	4,412

* "Certain legal expenses" include legal fees and other related expenses outside the ordinary course of business.

** “Certain professional services fees” includes fees and expenses related to merger and acquisition activities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary liquidity and capital resource requirements are for financing working capital, investing in capital expenditures such as computer hardware and software, supporting research and development efforts, introducing new technology, enhancing existing technology, and marketing our services and products to new and existing customers.

To the extent that existing cash and cash equivalents, cash from operations, cash from short-term borrowings, and cash from the exercise of stock options are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity offerings or debt financings.

In August 2019, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, the "Agreement", with Silicon Valley Bank, or the "Lender". The Lender has agreed to provide a $12.0 million secured revolving line of credit, the “credit facility”. The credit facility is available for cash borrowings, subject to a Borrowing Base formula based upon eligible accounts receivable. The maturity of the Agreement is two years from the date of the Agreement. Any borrowings under the Agreement bear interest, based on an interest rate dependent on cash liquidity for the relevant period. Cash liquidity is defined as cash plus (a) the lesser of (i) the Revolving Line or (ii) the amount available under the Borrowing Base minus (b) the outstanding principal balance of

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any Advances. If cash liquidity is greater than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of the "prime rate” as published in The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) for the relevant period plus 0.50% or 5.50%. If cash liquidity is less than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of WSJ prime rate plus 1.00% or 6.00%. The Agreement maintains certain reporting requirements, conditions, and covenants. The financial covenants include that we must maintain a Minimum Liquidity Coverage greater than or equal to 2.25:1.00. Additionally, when cash liquidity falls below $20.0 million, the Agreement includes certain trailing six month Free Cash Flow requirements, tested on a quarterly basis. Free Cash Flow is to be defined as (a) Adjusted EBITDA, minus (b) capital expenditures determined in accordance with GAAP, minus (c) capitalized software expenses, determined in accordance with GAAP, and minus (d) cash taxes, determined in accordance with GAAP. As of September 30, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under the Loan Agreement, and we had $10.8 million of availability based upon the borrowing formula under the Loan Agreement.

Our obligations to the Lender are secured by a first priority security interest in all our assets, including our intellectual property. The Loan Agreement contains customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest, violations of covenants, material adverse changes, cross-default, bankruptcy and material judgments. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Lender may accelerate repayment of any outstanding balance. The Loan Agreement also contains certain financial covenants and other agreements that are customary in loan agreements of this type, including restrictions on paying dividends and making distributions to our stockholders. As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with the covenants.

As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $15.2 million of cash and cash equivalents. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, along with cash flows from operations and availability under our revolving credit line, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital, interest payments, finance and operating lease payment obligations, and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months.

Cash Flows

Statement of Cash Flows Data


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	5,209	$	196
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(3,159)	$	(5,271)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(2,583)	$	(1,482)

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash provided by operating activities of $5.2 million was primarily driven by a net loss of $8.5 million and a slight increase in working capital and other net assets of $2.1 million which were offset by $11.6 million of non-cash charges including depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expense.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities of $0.2 million was primarily driven by a net loss of $7.2 million and a decrease in working capital and other net assets of $1.3 million which were offset by $8.7 million of non-cash charges including depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expense.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $3.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $5.3 million in the comparable 2018 period. Cash payments were primarily for the development of software.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $2.6 million consisted of principal payments on finance lease obligations offset by an insignificant amount of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $1.5 million consisted of $1.8 million of payments on capital lease obligations less $0.3 million of proceeds from exercise of stock options.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2019, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements other than disclosed in Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies, as defined in Item 303(a) (4)(ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, revenue, or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources that is material to investors.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These primarily include interest rate, inflation, and foreign currency exchange risk.

Interest Rate Risk

Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash and money market funds. We currently have no investments of any type. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates is limited because nearly all of our cash and cash equivalents have a short-term maturity and are used primarily for working capital purposes.

Funds borrowed under the Agreement entered into August 7, 2019 bear interest, based on an interest rate dependent on cash liquidity for the relevant period. Cash liquidity is defined as cash plus (a) the lesser of (i) the Revolving Line or (ii) the amount available under the Borrowing Base minus (b) the outstanding principal balance of any Advances. If cash liquidity is greater than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of the "prime rate” as published in The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) for the relevant period plus 0.50% or 5.50%. If cash liquidity is less than $20.0 million then the interest rate is the greater of WSJ prime rate plus 1.00% or 6.00%. This arrangement subjects us to interest rate risk. A 10% increase or decrease in these interest rates would not have a significant impact on our interest expense.

Inflation Risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risks

We are also subject to foreign currency exchange risk relating to our operations in Canada, Europe, India, Japan and Singapore. Our expenses at these locations are denominated in the local currencies and our results of operations are influenced by changes in the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and these local currencies, principally the Canadian Dollar, Euro, British Pound Sterling, Rupee, Yen, and Singapore Dollar. In addition, certain of our accounts receivable are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, principally the Euro, British Pound Sterling and Japanese Yen. A 10% increase or decrease in the applicable currency exchange rates could result in an increase or decrease in our currency exchange (loss) gain of approximately $0.1 million, calculated based on our foreign currency denominated accounts receivable as of September 30, 2019.

We have in the past, and we may in the future, enter into contracts to minimize the foreign currency exchange risk with respect to significant foreign currency denominated accounts receivable balances.

We continue to evaluate our various foreign currency exchange rate exposures and may take additional steps to mitigate these exposures.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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Based on our management’s evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of certain material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, as further described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Notwithstanding these material weaknesses, we have concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position and results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Remediation Efforts to Address the Material Weaknesses

Management is committed to the remediation of the material weaknesses. While the identified material weaknesses were not remediated as of September 30, 2019, we have taken steps to remediate them and will continue to do so until their remediation is complete. While we have completed measures as of the date of this report, we have not tested all of the planned corrective processes, enhancements, procedures and related evaluations that we believe are necessary to determine whether the material weaknesses have been fully remediated as of September 30, 2019. We believe the corrective actions and controls need to be in operation for a sufficient period of time for management to conclude that the material weaknesses related to: (i) ineffective control activities due to the lack of timeliness and consistency in executing business process controls, and (ii) ineffective monitoring controls to ascertain whether the components of internal control were present and functioning are fully remediated.

As we continue to evaluate and work to remediate the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weaknesses, we may determine that additional measures or time are required to address the control deficiencies or that we need to modify or otherwise adjust the planned remediation measures. We will continue to assess the effectiveness of our remediation efforts in connection with our evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting.

Accordingly, we will continue to monitor the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We have and will continue to perform additional procedures prescribed by management, including the use of manual mitigating control procedures and employing any additional tools and resources deemed necessary, to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are fairly stated in all material respects. We continue to prioritize remediation efforts and are committed to confirming that any new or enhanced processes and controls that were put in place as part of the remediation are fully operational and consistently applied for a sufficient period of time in order to provide us with adequate assurance of a sustainable and reliable control environment.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We and our Chief Executive Officer and former Chief Financial Officer were named as defendants in a federal securities class action lawsuit filed April 4, 2018 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The class includes persons who purchased Synacor’s shares between May 4, 2016 and March 15, 2018. The plaintiff alleged that Synacor made materially false and misleading statements regarding its contract with AT&T and the timing of revenue to be derived therefrom, and that as a result, class members suffered losses because Synacor shares traded at artificially inflated prices. The plaintiff sought an unspecified amount of damages, as well as interest, attorneys’ fees and legal expenses. The plaintiff filed an amended complaint on August 2, 2018, a second amended complaint on November 2, 2018, and the Synacor filed a motion to dismiss on December 17, 2018. The plaintiff filed his opposition to the motion to dismiss on January 19, 2019 and we filed our reply to plaintiff’s opposition on February 15, 2019. On August 28, 2019, the court granted Synacor's motion to dismiss but permitted the plaintiff to seek leave to replead. On October 2, 2019, the plaintiff filed a letter application seeking the court's leave to file a third amended complaint. We filed a letter in opposition to the plaintiff's motion on October 21, 2019. We dispute these claims and intend to defend them vigorously. Legal fees and liabilities related to this lawsuit are covered by D&O insurance after we reach our deductible.

In addition, we are, from time to time, party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe that the outcome of these claims will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows based on the status of proceedings at this time. However, regardless of the outcome, such proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of resources and other factors.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The information set forth in this report should be read in conjunction with the risks discussed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (the “Form 10-K”). These risks and uncertainties have the potential to materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows, and future prospects. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may materially adversely impact our business, financial condition, or operating results.

Risks Related to Our Business

A loss of any significant Managed Portals and Advertising customer could negatively affect our financial performance.

We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from our partnership with AT&T. In May 2016 we entered into a Portal and Advertising Services Agreement (as amended, the “AT&T Agreement”) with AT&T that would automatically renew at the end of the initial term on March 28, 2019 unless AT&T were to provide a notice of non-renewal at least 180 days prior to that date. On August 24, 2018, AT&T delivered notice to us to prevent automatic renewal of the AT&T Agreement. On July 11, 2019, the Company announced plans to begin discussions with AT&T regarding a wind-down and user-migration plan as it had been notified that AT&T intended to select another provider of portal services for its ATT.net consumer experience. Wind-down activities were completed and all portal and advertising services ceased on September 30, 2019, pursuant to AT&T's direction. Although management has taken steps to mitigate financial risk, the results of operations and financial position may be adversely affected. The impact of this is reflected in the Company's updated guidance for 2019 issued on November 6, 2019.

Except for the legal proceedings and updated risk factor described above, we believe there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.						Exhibit

31.1						Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2						Certifications of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1						Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS						XBRL Instance Document*

101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Schema Linkbase Document*

101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document*

101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document*

101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document*

101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*

* Submitted electronically with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	SYNACOR, INC.
	(Registrant)

Date: November 7, 2019	By:	/s/ Himesh Bhise
		Himesh Bhise
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 7, 2019	By:	/s/ Timothy J. Heasley
		Timothy J. Heasley
		Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)