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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q 

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2020
 
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From              to             
 _________________________________________
Commission File Number 001-03157
INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
New York
13-0872805
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation of organization)
Identification No.)
 
 
 
 
6400 Poplar Avenue
Memphis,
TN
38197
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (901) 419-7000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares
IP
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒   No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or and emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
 
 
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13 (a) of the Exchange
Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ☐
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share, as of April 24, 2020 was 393,041,293.

Table of Contents

INDEX
 
 
 
PAGE NO.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet - March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
(Unaudited)
(In millions, except per share amounts) 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2020
 
2019
Net Sales
$
5,352

 
$
5,643

Costs and Expenses
 
 
 
Cost of products sold
3,746

 
3,929

Selling and administrative expenses
418

 
413

Depreciation, amortization and cost of timber harvested
323

 
315

Distribution expenses
407

 
389

Taxes other than payroll and income taxes
44

 
43

Restructuring and other charges, net
8

 
—

Net (gains) losses on sales and impairments of businesses
344

 
(7
)
Net (gains) losses on sales of equity method investments
(33
)
 
—

Interest expense, net
117

 
133

Non-operating pension expense (income)
(6
)
 
10

Earnings (Loss) Before Income Taxes and Equity Earnings
(16
)
 
418

Income tax provision (benefit)
94

 
106

Equity earnings (loss), net of taxes
(31
)
 
114

Net Earnings (Loss)
(141
)
 
426

Less: Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
—

 
2

Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to International Paper Company
$
(141
)
 
$
424

Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to International Paper Company Common Shareholders
 
 
 
Net earnings (loss)
$
(0.36
)
 
$
1.06

Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to International Paper Company Common Shareholders
 
 
 
Net earnings (loss)
$
(0.36
)
 
$
1.05

Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding – assuming dilution
392.6

 
403.2

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

1
Table of Contents

INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2020
 
2019
Net Earnings (Loss)
$
(141
)
 
$
426

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax:
 
 
 
Amortization of pension and post-retirement prior service costs and net loss:
 
 
 
U.S. plans
46

 
41

Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment
(544
)
 
12

Net gains/losses on cash flow hedging derivatives:
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) arising during the period
(30
)
 
—

Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net earnings (loss)
11

 
1

Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
(517
)
 
54

Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(658
)
 
480

Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
—

 
(2
)
Other comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
1

 
—

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to International Paper Company
$
(657
)
 
$
478

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

2
Table of Contents

INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
(In millions)
 
March 31,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
(unaudited)
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
Current Assets
 
 
 
Cash and temporary investments
$
1,239

 
$
511

Accounts and notes receivable, net
3,226

 
3,280

Contract assets
423

 
393

Inventories
2,002

 
2,208

Assets held for sale
112

 
—

Other current assets
213

 
247

Total Current Assets
7,215

 
6,639

Plants, Properties and Equipment, net
12,691

 
13,004

Forestlands
308

 
391

Investments
1,370

 
1,721

Financial Assets of Variable Interest Entities (Note 16)
7,093

 
7,088

Goodwill
3,304

 
3,347

Right of Use Assets
422

 
434

Deferred Charges and Other Assets
812

 
847

Total Assets
$
33,215

 
$
33,471

Liabilities and Equity
 
 
 
Current Liabilities
 
 
 
Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt
$
664

 
$
168

Current nonrecourse financial liabilities of variable interest entities (Note 16)
4,220

 
4,220

Accounts payable
2,379

 
2,423

Accrued payroll and benefits
355

 
466

Liabilities held for sale
364

 
—

Other current liabilities
1,360

 
1,369

Total Current Liabilities
9,342

 
8,646

Long-Term Debt
9,561

 
9,597

Long-Term Nonrecourse Financial Liabilities of Variable Interest Entities (Note 16)
2,087

 
2,085

Deferred Income Taxes
2,662

 
2,633

Pension Benefit Obligation
1,521

 
1,578

Postretirement and Postemployment Benefit Obligation
252

 
270

Long-Term Lease Obligations
293

 
304

Other Liabilities
636

 
640

Equity
 
 
 
Common stock, $1 par value, 2020 – 448.9 shares and 2019 – 448.9 shares
449

 
449

Paid-in capital
6,252

 
6,297

Retained earnings
8,062

 
8,408

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(5,255
)
 
(4,739
)
 
9,508

 
10,415

Less: Common stock held in treasury, at cost, 2020 – 56.1 shares and 2019 – 56.8 shares
2,651

 
2,702

Total International Paper Shareholders’ Equity
6,857

 
7,713

Noncontrolling interests
4

 
5

Total Equity
6,861

 
7,718

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
33,215

 
$
33,471

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

3
Table of Contents

INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2020
 
2019
Operating Activities
 
 
 
Net earnings (loss)
$
(141
)
 
$
426

Depreciation, amortization and cost of timber harvested
323

 
315

Deferred income tax provision (benefit), net
35

 
22

Restructuring and other charges, net
8

 
—

Net (gains) losses on sales and impairments of businesses
344

 
(7
)
Net (gains) losses on sales of equity method investments
(33
)
 
—

Equity method dividends received
5

 
6

Equity (earnings) losses, net
31

 
(114
)
Periodic pension expense, net
11

 
26

Other, net
166

 
46

Changes in current assets and liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts and notes receivable
(107
)
 
26

Contract assets
(33
)
 
(15
)
Inventories
60

 
(22
)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(31
)
 
34

Interest payable
(12
)
 
(25
)
Other
23

 
15

Cash Provided By (Used For) Operations
649

 
733

Investment Activities
 
 
 
Invested in capital projects, net of insurance recoveries
(286
)
 
(293
)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
—

 
(17
)
Proceeds from sales of businesses, net of cash divested
—

 
17

Proceeds from sales of equity method investments
250

 
—

Proceeds from sale of fixed assets
1

 
3

Other
—

 
(4
)
Cash Provided By (Used For) Investment Activities
(35
)
 
(294
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
Repurchases of common stock and payments of restricted stock tax withholding
(41
)
 
(229
)
Issuance of debt
560

 
208

Reduction of debt
(136
)
 
(142
)
Change in book overdrafts
(9
)
 
(25
)
Dividends paid
(202
)
 
(201
)
Other
(7
)
 
—

Cash Provided By (Used For) Financing Activities
165

 
(389
)
Cash Included in Assets Held for Sale
(9
)
 
—

Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash
(42
)
 
2

Change in Cash and Temporary Investments
728

 
52

Cash and Temporary Investments
 
 
 
Beginning of period
511

 
589

End of period
$
1,239

 
$
641


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

4
Table of Contents

INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments that are necessary for the fair presentation of International Paper Company’s (International Paper’s, the Company’s or our) financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Except as disclosed herein, such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Results for the first three months of the year may not necessarily be indicative of full year results. It is suggested that these condensed financial statements be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which have previously been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide.  Governments of countries in which we operate have generally considered forest products and the supply chain on which we depend to be “essential industries” that should remain operational during this pandemic. Accordingly, our manufacturing and converting facilities remain open; however, we have seen a significant negative impact on demand for our printing papers products and demand for our pulp, containerboard and corrugated box products is expected to be unfavorably impacted if the negative economic conditions associated with COVID-19 persist or continue to deteriorate.

There continue to be significant uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including with respect to the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities and private businesses to attempt to contain the COVID-19 outbreak or to mitigate its impact; the extent and duration of social distancing and the adoption of stay-at-home orders; and the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on economic activity and consumer confidence. As a result, we are unable to fully quantify the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our financial results during 2020, but developments related to COVID-19 are significantly adversely affecting our business, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, particularly if negative global economic conditions persist for a significant period of time or continue to deteriorate.

NOTE 2 - RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." This guidance replaces the current incurred loss impairment method with a method that reflects expected credit losses. The Company adopted this guidance using the modified retrospective approach on January 1, 2020. As a result of using this approach, the Company recognized a cumulative effect adjustment of $2 million to the opening balance of retained earnings representing the adjustment to our opening allowance for doubtful accounts required to state our trade receivables and contract assets net of their expected credit losses, net of deferred taxes.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting." This guidance provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. This guidance is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this guidance.

Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes." This guidance removes certain exceptions from recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod

5
Table of Contents

allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. It also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for public business entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this guidance.

NOTE 3 - REVENUE RECOGNITION

Generally, the Company recognizes revenue on a point-in-time basis when the customer takes title to the goods and assumes the risks and rewards for the goods. For customized goods where the Company has a legally enforceable right to payment for the goods, the Company recognizes revenue over time which, generally, is as the goods are produced.

Disaggregated Revenue

A geographic disaggregation of revenues across our company segmentation in the following tables provides information to assist in evaluating the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows and how they may be impacted by economic factors.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
In millions
 
Industrial Packaging
 
Global Cellulose Fibers
 
Printing Papers
 
Corporate and Inter-segment Sales
 
Total
Primary Geographical Markets (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
3,130

 
$
494

 
$
444

 
$
58

 
$
4,126

EMEA
 
440

 
56

 
302

 
(2
)
 
796

Pacific Rim and Asia
 
12

 
18

 
8

 
3

 
41

Americas, other than U.S.
 
237

 
—

 
154

 
(2
)
 
389

Total
 
$
3,819

 
$
568

 
$
908

 
$
57

 
$
5,352

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Segments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North American Industrial Packaging
 
$
3,355

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
3,355

EMEA Industrial Packaging
 
350

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
350

Brazilian Industrial Packaging
 
54

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
54

European Coated Paperboard
 
92

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
92

Global Cellulose Fibers
 
—

 
568

 
—

 
—

 
568

North American Printing Papers
 
—

 
—

 
446

 
—

 
446

Brazilian Papers
 
—

 
—

 
176

 
—

 
176

European Papers
 
—

 
—

 
287

 
—

 
287

Indian Papers
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Intra-segment Eliminations
 
(32
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(33
)
Corporate & Inter-segment Sales
 


 
—

 
—

 
57

 
57

Total
 
$
3,819

 
$
568

 
$
908

 
$
57

 
$
5,352



(a) Net sales are attributed to countries based on the location of the seller.


6
Table of Contents

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
In millions
 
Industrial Packaging
 
Global Cellulose Fibers
 
Printing Papers
 
Corporate and Inter-segment Sales
 
Total
Primary Geographical Markets (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
3,146

 
$
570

 
$
488

 
$
60

 
$
4,264

EMEA
 
428

 
81

 
330

 
(2
)
 
837

Pacific Rim and Asia
 
18

 
38

 
59

 
4

 
119

Americas, other than U.S.
 
240

 
—

 
188

 
(5
)
 
423

Total
 
$
3,832

 
$
689

 
$
1,065

 
$
57

 
$
5,643

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Segments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North American Industrial Packaging
 
$
3,376

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
3,376

EMEA Industrial Packaging
 
339

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
339

Brazilian Industrial Packaging
 
57

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
57

European Coated Paperboard
 
91

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
91

Global Cellulose Fibers
 
—

 
689

 
—

 
—

 
689

North American Printing Papers
 
—

 
—

 
496

 
—

 
496

Brazilian Papers
 
—

 
—

 
215

 
—

 
215

European Papers
 
—

 
—

 
309

 
—

 
309

Indian Papers
 
—

 
—

 
53

 
—

 
53

Intra-segment Eliminations
 
(31
)
 
—

 
(8
)
 
—

 
(39
)
Corporate & Inter-segment Sales
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
57

 
57

Total
 
$
3,832

 
$
689

 
$
1,065

 
$
57

 
$
5,643


(a) Net sales are attributed to countries based on the location of the seller.

Revenue Contract Balances

A contract asset is created when the Company recognizes revenue on its customized products prior to having an unconditional right to payment from the customer, which generally does not occur until title and risk of loss passes to the customer.

A contract liability is created when customers prepay for goods prior to the Company transferring those goods to the customer. The contract liability is reduced once control of the goods is transferred to the customer. The majority of our customer prepayments are received during the fourth quarter each year for goods that will be transferred to customers over the following twelve months. Contract liabilities of $44 million and $56 million are included in Other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company's contract assets and contract liabilities primarily results from the difference between the price and quantity at comparable points in time for goods for which we have an unconditional right to payment or receive pre-payment from the customer, respectively.

7
Table of Contents

NOTE 4 - EQUITY

A summary of the changes in equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is provided below:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
In millions, except per share amounts
Common Stock Issued
 
Paid-in Capital
 
Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Common Stock Held In Treasury, At Cost
 
Total
International
Paper
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
 
Balance, January 1
$
449

 
$
6,297

 
$
8,408

$
(4,739
)
 
$
2,702

 
$
7,713

 
$
5

 
$
7,718

 
Adoption of ASU 2016-13 measurement of credit losses on financial instruments
—

 
—

 
(2
)
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
Issuance of stock for various plans, net
—

 
(51
)
 
—

—

 
(92
)
 
41

 
—

 
41

 
Repurchase of stock
—

 
—

 
—

—

 
41

 
(41
)
 
—

 
(41
)
 
Common stock dividends
($0.5125 per share)
—

 
—

 
(203
)
—

 
—

 
(203
)
 
—

 
(203
)
 
Transactions of equity method investees
—

 
6

 
—

—

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
6

 
Comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
(141
)
(516
)
 
—

 
(657
)
 
(1
)
 
(658
)
 
Ending Balance, March 31
$
449

 
$
6,252

 
$
8,062

$
(5,255
)
 
$
2,651

 
$
6,857

 
$
4

 
$
6,861

 


 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
In millions, except per share amounts
Common Stock Issued
 
Paid-in Capital
 
Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Common Stock Held In Treasury, At Cost
 
Total
International
Paper
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
 
Balance, January 1
$
449

 
$
6,280

 
$
7,465

$
(4,500
)
 
$
2,332

 
$
7,362

 
$
21

 
$
7,383

 
Adoption of ASU 2018-02 reclassification of stranded tax effects resulting from Tax Reform
—

 
—

 
529

(529
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Issuance of stock for various plans, net
—

 
(118
)
 
—

—

 
(163
)
 
45

 
—

 
45

 
Repurchase of stock
—

 
—

 
—

—

 
229

 
(229
)
 
—

 
(229
)
 
Common stock dividends ($0.5000 per share)
—

 
—

 
(207
)
—

 
—

 
(207
)
 
—

 
(207
)
 
Transactions of equity method investees
—

 
(3
)
 
—

—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
 
Comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
424

54

 
—

 
478

 
2

 
480

 
Ending Balance, March 31
$
449

 
$
6,159

 
$
8,211

$
(4,975
)
 
$
2,398

 
$
7,446

 
$
23

 
$
7,469

 

    

















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NOTE 5 - OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
 
2020
 
2019
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Adjustments
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
(2,277
)
 
$
(1,916
)
Reclassification of stranded tax effects
 
—

 
(527
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 
46

 
41

Balance at end of period
 
(2,231
)
 
(2,402
)
Change in Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
(2,465
)
 
(2,581
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(544
)
 
8

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 
—

 
4

Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
1

 
—

Balance at end of period
 
(3,008
)
 
(2,569
)
Net Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedging Derivatives
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
3

 
(3
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(30
)
 
—

Reclassification of stranded tax effects
 
—

 
(2
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 
11

 
1

Balance at end of period
 
(16
)
 
(4
)
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at End of Period
 
$
(5,255
)
 
$
(4,975
)



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The following table presents details of the reclassifications out of AOCI for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
In millions:
 
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Location of Amount Reclassified from AOCI
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement items:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior-service costs
 
$
(5
)
 
$
(3
)
 
(a)
Non-operating pension expense
Actuarial gains (losses)
 
(56
)
 
(52
)
 
(a)
Non-operating pension expense
Total pre-tax amount
 
(61
)
 
(55
)
 
 
 
Tax (expense) benefit
 
15

 
14

 
 
 
Net of tax
 
(46
)
 
(41
)
 
 
 
Reclassification of stranded tax effects
 
—

 
527

 

Retained Earnings
Total, net of tax
 
(46
)
 
486

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business acquisitions/divestitures
 
—

 
(4
)
 
 
Cost of products sold
Tax (expense) benefit
 
—

 
—

 
 
 
Net of tax
 
—

 
(4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains and losses on cash flow hedging derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
(17
)
 
(1
)
 
(b)
Cost of products sold
Total pre-tax amount
 
(17
)
 
(1
)
 
 
 
Tax (expense)/benefit
 
6

 
—

 
 
 
Net of tax
 
(11
)
 
(1
)
 
 
 
Reclassification of stranded tax effects
 
—

 
2

 

Retained Earnings
Total, net of tax
 
(11
)
 
1

 
 
 
Total reclassifications for the period
 
$
(57
)
 
$
483

 
 
 


(a)
These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see Note 19 for additional details).
(b)
This accumulated other comprehensive income component is included in our derivatives and hedging activities (see Note 18 for additional details).
NOTE 6 - EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY COMMON SHAREHOLDERS

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed assuming that all potentially dilutive securities were converted into common shares. There are no adjustments required to be made to net income for purposes of computing basic and diluted earnings per share. A reconciliation of the amounts included in the computation of basic earnings (loss) per share and diluted earnings (loss) per share is as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions, except per share amounts
2020
 
2019
Earnings (loss) attributable to International Paper Company common shareholders
$
(141
)
 
$
424

Weighted average common shares outstanding
392.6

 
400.5

Effect of dilutive securities (a)
 
 
 
Restricted performance share plan
—

 
2.7

Weighted average common shares outstanding – assuming dilution
392.6

 
403.2

Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to International Paper Company Common Shareholders
$
(0.36
)
 
$
1.06

Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to International Paper Company Common Shareholders
$
(0.36
)
 
$
1.05



(a) Securities are not included in the table in periods when antidilutive.


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NOTE 7 - RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CHARGES, NET

2020: During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded an $8 million pre-tax charge in Corporate related to early debt extinguishment costs.

2019: There were no restructuring and other charges recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

NOTE 8 - ACQUISITIONS

On June 28, 2019, the Company closed on the previously announced acquisition of two packaging businesses located in Portugal (Ovar) and France (Torigni and Cabourg) from DS Smith Packaging. The total purchase consideration, inclusive of working capital adjustments, was approximately €71 million (approximately $81 million at June 30, 2019 exchange rates).

The following table summarizes the provisional fair value assigned to assets and liabilities acquired as of June 28, 2019:
In millions
 
Cash and temporary investments
$
2

Accounts and notes receivable
22

Inventory
8

Plants, properties and equipment
40

Goodwill
26

Intangible assets
15

Right of use assets
3

Deferred charges and other assets
2

Total assets acquired
118

Short-term debt
2

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
20

Other current liabilities
3

Deferred income taxes
5

Other liabilities
1

Postretirement and postemployment benefit obligation
3

Long-term lease obligations
3

Total liabilities assumed
37

Net assets acquired
$
81



The allocation of the consideration paid is preliminary and could be revised as a result of additional information obtained regarding assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and revisions of provisional estimates of fair values, including, but not limited to, the completion of independent appraisals and valuations related to inventory, property, plant and equipment and acquired intangible assets. Adjustments to provisional amounts will be finalized as new information becomes available, but within the adjustment period of up to one year from the acquisition date.

Pro forma information has not been included as it is impracticable to obtain the information due to the lack of availability of historical U.S. GAAP financial data. The results of the operations of these businesses do not have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated results of operations.

NOTE 9 - DIVESTITURES AND IMPAIRMENTS

2020: On March 29, 2020, the Company announced that it had entered into an agreement to sell its Brazilian Industrial Packaging business for R$330 million (approximately $63.5 million using the March 31, 2020 exchange rate), with R$280 million to be paid at closing and R$50 million one year thereafter, subject to final working capital adjustments. This business includes three containerboard mills and four box plants and the agreement follows International Paper's previously announced strategic review of the Brazilian Industrial Packaging business. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2020, subject to certain closing conditions and regulatory approvals.


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In conjunction with the announced agreement, a preliminary pre-tax charge of $344 million ($337 million after taxes) was recorded during the first quarter of 2020. This charge included a $20 million loss ($13 million after taxes) related to the write down of the long-lived assets of the Brazilian Industrial Packaging business to their estimated fair value and a $324 million loss related to the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment. This charge is included in the Net (gains) losses on sales and impairments of businesses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and is included in the results for the Industrial Packaging segment.

At March 31, 2020, all assets and liabilities related to the Brazilian Industrial Packaging business are classified as current assets held for sale and current liabilities held for sale in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The following summarizes the major classes of assets and liabilities of this business reconciled to total Assets held for sale and total Liabilities held for sale in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet:

In millions
March 31, 2020
Cash and temporary investments
$
9

Accounts and notes receivable
38

Inventories
23

Other current assets
2

Plants, properties and equipment (net of impairment)
29

Deferred charges and other assets
11

Total Assets Held for Sale
$
112

 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
27

Deferred income taxes
3

Other liabilities
10

Impairment reserve (cumulative foreign currency translation)
324

Total Liabilities Held for Sale
$
364



2019: On October 30, 2019, the Company closed the previously announced sale of its controlling interest in International Paper APPM Limited (APPM) to West Coast Paper Mills (WCPM). International Paper remains a passive investor retaining a 20% interest in APPM until such time that IP sells its remaining shares. The Company is accounting for its retained investment at fair value and recorded a loss of $17 million during the first quarter of 2020. The fair value of the Company's retained investment in APPM was $15 million at March 31, 2020.

NOTE 10 - SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION

Temporary Investments 

Temporary investments with an original maturity of three months or less and money market funds with greater than three month maturities but with the right to redeem without notices are treated as cash equivalents and are stated at cost, which approximates market value. Temporary investments totaled $954 million and $335 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Accounts and Notes Receivable
In millions
March 31, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Accounts and notes receivable, net:
 
 
 
Trade
$
2,959

 
$
3,020

Other
267

 
260

Total
$
3,226

 
$
3,280




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The allowance for expected credit losses was $90 million at March 31, 2020 and the allowance for doubtful accounts was $73 million at December 31, 2019. Based on the Company's accounting estimates and the facts and circumstances available as of the reporting date, we believe our allowance for expected credit losses is adequate. While we have taken into account certain impacts of COVID-19 in connection with our estimate of the allowance for expected credit losses, it is reasonably possible that additional expected credit losses in excess of such allowance will occur in the coming months as the full extent of the COVID-19 impact becomes more apparent; however, currently, we are unable to reasonably estimate our loss or range of loss in excess of such allowance.
  
Inventories 
In millions
March 31, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Raw materials
$
254

 
$
298

Finished pulp, paper and packaging
1,081

 
1,192

Operating supplies
615

 
659

Other
52

 
59

Total
$
2,002

 
$
2,208



Plants, Properties and Equipment  

Accumulated depreciation was $20.4 billion and $20.5 billion at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Depreciation expense was $309 million and $297 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Non-cash additions to plants, property and equipment included within accounts payable were $119 million and $164 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Amounts invested in capital projects in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of cash flows are presented net of insurance recoveries of $30 million received during the three months ended March 31, 2020. There were no insurance recoveries received during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Interest

Interest payments made during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $184 million and $214 million, respectively.

Amounts related to interest were as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Interest expense
$
163

 
$
184

Interest income
46

 
51

Capitalized interest costs
9

 
5



Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company had recorded liabilities of $98 million and $96 million related to asset retirement obligations at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

NOTE 11 - LEASES

International Paper leases various real estate, including certain operating facilities, warehouses, office space and land. The Company also leases material handling equipment, vehicles, and certain other equipment. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to 96 years. Total lease cost for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $67 million and $75 million, respectively.





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Table of Contents


Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases
In millions
 
Classification
 
March 31, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating lease assets
 
Right-of-use assets
 
$
422

 
$
434

Finance lease assets
 
Plants, properties and equipment, net (a)
 
100

 
103

Total leased assets
 
 
 
$
522

 
$
537

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating
 
Other current liabilities
 
$
132

 
$
134

Finance
 
Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt
 
12

 
12

Noncurrent
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating
 
Long-term lease obligations
 
293

 
304

Finance
 
Long-term debt
 
85

 
88

Total lease liabilities
 
 
 
$
522

 
$
538


(a)
Finance leases are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $43 million and $40 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

NOTE 12 - EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS

The Company accounts for the following investments under the equity method of accounting.

Graphic Packaging International Partners, LLC

The Company completed the transfer of its North American Consumer Packaging business in exchange for an initial 20.5% ownership interest (79,911,511 units) in Graphic Packaging International Partners, LLC (GPIP) in 2018. GPIP subsequently transferred the North American Consumer Packaging business to Graphic Packaging International, LLC (GPI), a wholly-owned subsidiary of GPIP that holds the assets of the combined business. On January 29, 2020, the Company exchanged 15,150,784 units of the aggregate units owned by the Company for an aggregated price of $250 million, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $33 million ($25 million after taxes) which was recorded in the first quarter of 2020. As of March 31, 2020, the Company's ownership interest in GPIP was 18.7%. The Company recorded equity earnings of $7 million and $13 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company received cash dividends from GPIP of $5 million and $6 million during the first three months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company's investment in GPIP was $920 million and $1.1 billion at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which was $440 million and $529 million, respectively, more than the Company's proportionate share of the entity's underlying net assets. The difference primarily relates to the basis difference between the fair value of our investment and the underlying net assets, and is generally amortized in equity earnings over a period consistent with the underlying long-lived assets. The Company is party to various agreements with GPI under which it sells fiber and other products to GPI. Sales under these agreements were $70 million and $69 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company continues to evaluate its investment in GPI relative to options available to further monetize this investment. We currently do not have near-term plans to further liquidate our investment.

Summarized financial information for GPIP is presented in the following tables:

Balance Sheet
In millions
March 31, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Current assets
$
1,932

 
$
1,796

Noncurrent assets
5,507

 
5,482

Current liabilities
1,020

 
1,178

Noncurrent liabilities
3,848

 
3,244






14
Table of Contents


Income Statement
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Net sales
$
1,599

 
$
1,506

Gross profit
321

 
266

Income (loss) from continuing operations
(24
)
 
95

Net income (loss)
(24
)
 
95



Ilim S.A.

The Company has a 50% equity interest in Ilim S.A. (Ilim), which has subsidiaries whose primary operations are in Russia. The Company recorded equity earnings (losses), net of taxes, of $(35) million and $101 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company's investment in Ilim was $401 million and $508 million, respectively, which was $130 million and $136 million, respectively, more than the Company's proportionate share of the joint venture's underlying net assets. The differences primarily relate to currency translation adjustments and the basis difference between the fair value of our investment at acquisition and the underlying net assets. The Company is party to a joint marketing agreement with JSC Ilim Group, a subsidiary of Ilim, under which the Company purchases, markets and sells paper produced by JSC Ilim Group. Purchases under this agreement were $51 million and $53 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Summarized financial information for Ilim is presented in the following tables:

Balance Sheet
In millions
March 31, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Current assets
$
922

 
$
804

Noncurrent assets
2,333

 
2,813

Current liabilities
840

 
1,015

Noncurrent liabilities
1,861

 
1,844

Noncontrolling interests
11

 
16


Income Statement
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Net sales
$
482

 
$
620

Gross profit
195

 
336

Income (loss) from continuing operations
(61
)
 
205

Net income (loss)
(58
)
 
199



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NOTE 13 - GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES

Goodwill

The following table presents changes in goodwill balances as allocated to each business segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020: 
In millions
Industrial
Packaging
 
Global Cellulose Fibers
 
Printing
Papers
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
$
3,410

 
$
52

  
$
1,998

  
$
5,460

Accumulated impairment losses
(296
)
 
(52
)
  
(1,765
)
 
(2,113
)
 
3,114

 
—

  
233

  
3,347

Currency translation and other (a)
(5
)
 
—

 
(41
)
 
(46
)
Goodwill additions/reductions
3

(b)
—

 
—

 
3

Balance as of March 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
3,408

 
52

  
1,957

  
5,417

Accumulated impairment losses
(296
)
 
(52
)
  
(1,765
)
 
(2,113
)
Total
$
3,112

 
$
—

  
$
192

  
$
3,304

 
(a)
Represents the effects of foreign currency translations.
(b)
Reflects the changes to provisional goodwill for the acquisitions of Industrial Packaging box plants in EMEA.

Other Intangibles

Identifiable intangible assets comprised the following: 
 
March 31, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
In millions
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Intangible Assets
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Intangible Assets
Customer relationships and lists
$
537

 
$
266

 
$
271

 
$
560

 
$
275

 
$
285

Tradenames, patents and trademarks, and developed technology
170

 
105

 
65

 
170

 
102

 
68

Land and water rights
8

 
2

 
6

 
8

 
2

 
6

Software
25

 
24

 
1

 
26

 
25

 
1

Other
17

 
10

 
7

 
18

 
10

 
8

Total
$
757

 
$
407

 
$
350

 
$
782

 
$
414

 
$
368



The Company recognized the following amounts as amortization expense related to intangible assets: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Amortization expense related to intangible assets
$
10

 
$
12



NOTE 14 - INCOME TAXES

International Paper made income tax payments, net of refunds, of $16 million and received a net income tax refund of $51 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company currently estimates, that as a result of ongoing discussions, pending tax settlements and expirations of statutes of limitations, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could be reduced by approximately $67 million during the next 12 months.
The Brazilian Federal Revenue Service has challenged the deductibility of goodwill amortization generated in a 2007 acquisition by International Paper do Brasil Ltda., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company received assessments for the tax years 2007-2015 totaling approximately $115 million in tax, and $365 million in interest, penalties, and fees as of March 31, 2020 (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). After a previous favorable ruling challenging the basis for these assessments, we received unfavorable decisions in October 2018 and November 2019 from the Brazilian

16
Table of Contents

Administrative Council of Tax Appeals. The Company has appealed and intends to further appeal these and any future unfavorable administrative judgments to the Brazilian federal courts; however, this tax litigation matter may take many years to resolve. The Company believes that it has appropriately evaluated the transaction underlying these assessments, and has concluded based on Brazilian tax law, that its position would be sustained. The Company intends to vigorously defend its position against the current assessments and any similar assessments that may be issued for tax years subsequent to 2015.

On March 27th, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act ("the CARES Act."). The CARES Act provides various types of economic relief for individuals and businesses due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including temporary corporate tax relief. We currently do not believe there to be a material impact to the income tax provision resulting from the CARES Act.

NOTE 15 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Environmental
International Paper has been named as a potentially responsible party (PRP) in environmental remediation actions under various federal and state laws, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Many of these proceedings involve the cleanup of hazardous substances at large commercial landfills that received waste from many different sources. While joint and several liability is authorized under CERCLA and equivalent state laws, as a practical matter, liability for CERCLA cleanups is typically allocated among the many PRPs. There are other remediation costs typically associated with the cleanup of hazardous substances at the Company’s current, closed or formerly-owned facilities, and recorded as liabilities in the balance sheet.

Remediation costs are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they become probable and reasonably estimable. International Paper has estimated the probable liability associated with these environmental remediation matters, including those described herein, to be approximately $196 million ($204 million undiscounted) in the aggregate as of March 31, 2020. Other than as described below, completion of required remedial actions is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Cass Lake: One of the matters included above arises out of a closed wood-treating facility located in Cass Lake, Minnesota. In June 2011, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) selected and published a proposed soil remedy at the site with an estimated cost of $46 million as of March 31, 2020. In April 2020, the EPA issued a final plan concerning clean-up standards at a portion of the site, the estimated cost of which is included within the reserve referenced above. In October 2012, the Natural Resource Trustees for this site provided notice to International Paper and other PRPs of their intent to perform a Natural Resource Damage Assessment. It is premature to predict the outcome of the assessment or to estimate a loss or range of loss, if any, in excess of the liability noted above which may be incurred.

Kalamazoo River: The Company is a PRP with respect to the Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River Superfund Site in Michigan. The EPA asserts that the site is contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) primarily as a result of discharges from various paper mills located along the Kalamazoo River, including a paper mill (the Allied Paper Mill) formerly owned by St. Regis Paper Company (St. Regis). The Company is a successor in interest to St. Regis.

•
Operable Unit 5, Area 1: In March 2016, the Company and other PRPs received a special notice letter from the EPA (i) inviting participation in implementing a remedy for a portion of the site known as Operable Unit 5, Area 1, and (ii) demanding reimbursement of EPA past costs totaling $37 million, including $19 million in past costs previously demanded by the EPA. In December 2016, the EPA issued a unilateral administrative order to the Company and other PRPs to perform the remedy. The Company responded to the unilateral administrative order, agreeing to comply with the order subject to its sufficient cause defenses.

•
Operable Unit 5, Area 2: In September 2017, the EPA issued a Record of Decision selecting the final remedy for a portion of the site known as Operable Unit 5, Area 2, but has not yet issued a special notice letter for implementing the remedy.

•
Operable Unit 1: In October 2016, the Company and another PRP received a special notice letter from the EPA inviting participation in the remedial design component of the landfill remedy for the Allied Paper Mill, which is also known as Operable Unit 1. The Record of Decision establishing the final landfill remedy for the Allied Paper Mill was issued by the EPA in September 2016. The Company responded to the Allied Paper Mill special notice letter in

17
Table of Contents

December 2016. In February 2017, the EPA informed the Company that it would make other arrangements for the performance of the remedial design.

As noted below, the Company is involved in allocation/ apportionment litigation with regard to the site. In addition, in December 2019, the United States published notice in the Federal Register of a proposed consent decree with NCR Corporation (one of the parties to the allocation/apportionment litigation described below), the State of Michigan and natural resource trustees under which NCR would make payments of more than $100 million and perform work at the Site at an estimated cost of $135.7 million. The public comment period with respect to the proposed consent decree closed in February 2020 and we are awaiting the court's final decision.

The Company’s CERCLA liability has not been finally determined with respect to any other portions of the site, and except as noted above, the Company has declined to perform any work or reimburse the EPA at this time. As noted below, the Company is involved in allocation/apportionment litigation with regard to the site. Accordingly, it is premature to predict the outcome or estimate our maximum reasonably possible loss or range of loss with respect to this site. We have recorded a liability for future remediation costs at the site that are probable and reasonably estimable, and it remains reasonably possible that additional losses in excess of this recorded liability could be material.


The Company was named as a defendant by Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP, Fort James Corporation and Georgia Pacific LLC in a contribution and cost recovery action for alleged pollution at the site. NCR Corporation and Weyerhaeuser Company are also named as defendants in the suit. The suit seeks contribution under CERCLA for costs purportedly expended by plaintiffs ($79 million as of the filing of the complaint) and for future remediation costs. In June 2018, the Court issued its Final Judgment and Order, which fixed the past cost amount at approximately $50 million (plus interest to be determined) and allocated to the Company a 15% share of responsibility for those past costs. The Court did not address responsibility for future costs in its decision. In July 2018, the Company and each of the other parties filed notices appealing the Final Judgment and prior orders incorporated into that Judgment. The proposed consent decree with NCR described above, if entered, would result in the termination of NCR’s involvement in the appeal.
Harris County: International Paper and McGinnis Industrial Maintenance Corporation (MIMC), a subsidiary of Waste Management, Inc. (WMI), are PRPs at the San Jacinto River Waste Pits Superfund Site in Harris County, Texas. The PRPs have been actively participating in the activities at the site and share the costs of these activities.
In October 2017, the EPA issued a Record of Decision (ROD) selecting the final remedy for the site: removal and relocation of the waste material from both the northern and southern impoundments. The EPA did not specify the methods or practices needed to perform this work. The EPA’s selected remedy was accompanied by a cost estimate of approximately $115 million ($105 million for the northern impoundment, and $10 million for the southern impoundment). Subsequent to the issuance of the ROD, there have been numerous meetings between the EPA and the PRPs, and the Company continues to work with the EPA and MIMC/WMI to develop the remedial design.
To this end, in April 2018, the PRPs entered into an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) with the EPA, agreeing to work together to develop the remedial design over the subsequent 29 months. The AOC does not include any agreement to perform waste removal or other construction activity at the site. Rather, it involves adaptive management techniques and a pre-design investigation, the objectives of which include filling data gaps (including but not limited to post-Hurricane Harvey technical data generated prior to the ROD and not incorporated into the selected remedy), refining areas and volumes of materials to be addressed, determining if an excavation remedy is able to be implemented in a manner protective of human health and the environment, and investigating potential impacts of remediation activities to infrastructure in the vicinity.

During the first quarter of 2020, through a series of meetings among the Company, MIMC/WMI, our consultants, the EPA and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), progress was made to resolve key technical issues previously preventing the Company from determining the manner in which the selected remedy for the northern impoundment would be feasibly implemented. As a result of these developments, as of March 31, 2020, the Company has reserved the following amounts in relation to remediation at this site: (a) $10 million for the southern impoundment (this reserve was established in the quarter ended December 31, 2019); and (b) $55 million for the northern impoundment, which represents the Company's 50% share of our estimate of the low end of the range of probable remediation costs ($41 million of this reserve was established in the quarter ended March 31, 2020).
Although key technical issues have been resolved, we still face significant challenges remediating the northern impoundment in a cost-efficient manner and without a release to the environment and therefore our discussions with the EPA on the best approach to remediation will continue. Because of ongoing questions regarding cost effectiveness, timing and gathering other technical data, additional losses in excess of our recorded liability are possible. We are currently unable to reasonably estimate

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any further adjustment to our recorded liability or any loss or range of loss in excess of such liability; however, we believe it is unlikely any adjustment would be material.

Antitrust

Italy: In March 2017, the Italian Competition Authority (ICA) commenced an investigation into the Italian packaging industry to determine whether producers of corrugated sheets and boxes violated the applicable European competition law. In April 2019, the ICA concluded its investigation and issued initial findings alleging that over 30 producers, including our Italian packaging subsidiary (IP Italy), improperly coordinated the production and sale of corrugated sheets and boxes. On August 6, 2019, the ICA issued its decision and assessed IP Italy a fine of €29 million (approximately $32 million at current exchange rates) which was recorded in the third quarter of 2019. However, we are vigorously appealing this decision of the ICA to the Italian courts and have numerous and strong bases for our appeal.

Contract

Signature: In August 2014, a lawsuit captioned Signature Industrial Services LLC et al. v. International Paper Company was filed in state court in Texas. The Signature lawsuit arises out of approximately $1 million in disputed invoices related to the installation of new equipment at the Company's Orange, Texas mill. In addition to the invoices in dispute, Signature and its president allege consequential damages arising from the Company's nonpayment of those invoices. The lawsuit was tried before a jury in Beaumont, Texas, in May 2017. On June 1, 2017, the jury returned a verdict awarding approximately $125 million in damages to the plaintiffs. The Court issued a judgment on December 14, 2017, awarding the plaintiffs a total of approximately $137 million in actual and consequential damages, fees, costs and pre-judgment interest, and awarding post-judgment interest. The Company appealed this judgment and, on April 30, 2020, the Court of Appeals for the Thirteenth District of Texas issued a decision affirming in part and reversing and rendering judgment in favor of the Company in part. The Court affirmed approximately $14.8 million of the judgment. Otherwise, the Court rendered judgment in favor of the Company on the remainder of the jury’s verdict. The Company continues to have strong bases by which to challenge the affirmed portions of the award and plans to present those arguments on appeal to the Supreme Court of Texas. The plaintiffs may also appeal the decision of the appellate court. We do not expect that potential losses, if any, related to this lawsuit will be material, and any potential future payments in connection with this lawsuit will be recorded as a liability at such time that we determine that any such losses are probable and reasonably estimable.
Taxes Other Than Payroll and Income Taxes

In 2017, the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court decided that the state value-added tax (VAT) should not be included in the basis of federal VAT calculations. In 2018 and 2019, the Brazilian tax authorities published both an internal consultation and a normative ruling with a narrow interpretation of the effects of the case. We have determined that any related federal VAT refunds should be recognized when they are both probable and reasonably estimable. Based upon the best information available to us, we have determined that the amount of refund that is probable of being realized is limited to that determined by the tax authorities’ narrow interpretation, for which we have recognized a receivable of $9 million as of March 31, 2020. Upcoming court decisions and guidance from the tax authorities could expand the scope of the federal VAT refunds.

General

The Company is involved in various other inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation relating to environmental and safety matters, personal injury, product liability, labor and employment, contracts, sales of property, intellectual property, tax and other matters, some of which allege substantial monetary damages. See Note 14 for details regarding a tax matter. Assessments of lawsuits and claims can involve a series of complex judgments about future events, can rely heavily on estimates and assumptions, and are otherwise subject to significant uncertainties. As a result, there can be no certainty that the Company will not ultimately incur charges in excess of presently recorded liabilities. The Company believes that loss contingencies arising from pending matters, including the matters described herein, will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in pending or threatened legal matters, some of which are beyond the Company’s control, and the large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, a future adverse ruling, settlement, unfavorable development, or increase in accruals with respect to these matters could result in future charges that could be material to the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in any particular reporting period.





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NOTE 16 - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

Variable Interest Entities

As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of the Timber Notes and Extension Loans is $4.89 billion and $4.27 billion, respectively, for the 2015 Financing Entities. The Timber Notes and Extension Loans are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy, which is further defined in Note 15 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Activity between the Company and the 2015 Financing Entities was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Revenue (a)
$
24

 
$
24

Expense (a)
32

 
32

Cash receipts (b)
47

 
47

Cash payments (c)
64

 
64

 
(a)
The revenue and expense are included in Interest expense, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.
(b)
The cash receipts are interest received on the Financial assets of variable interest entities.
(c)
The cash payments represent interest paid on Nonrecourse financial liabilities of variable interest entities.

As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of the Timber Notes and Extension Loans is $2.15 billion and $1.98 billion, respectively, for the 2007 Financing Entities. The Timber Notes and Extension Loans are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy, which is further defined in Note 15 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Activity between the Company and the 2007 Financing Entities was as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Revenue (a)
$
16

 
$
21

Expense (b)
16

 
21

Cash receipts (c)
12

 
16

Cash payments (d)
15

 
18

 
(a)
The revenue is included in Interest expense, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and includes approximately $5 million for both of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 of accretion income for the amortization of the basis difference adjustment on the Financial assets of variable interest entities.
(b)
The expense is included in Interest expense, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and includes approximately $2 million for both of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 of accretion expense for the amortization of the basis difference adjustment on the Nonrecourse financial liabilities of variable interest entities.
(c)
The cash receipts are interest received on the Financial assets of variable interest entities.
(d)
The cash payments are interest paid on Nonrecourse financial liabilities of variable interest entities.

NOTE 17 - DEBT

On March 25, 2020, the Company entered into a $750 million contractually committed 364-day revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of banks and other financial institutions which augments the Company's access to liquidity due to current macroeconomic conditions and supplements the Company's $1.5 billion five-year credit agreement expiring in December 2021.

The borrowing capacity of International Paper's commercial paper program is $1.0 billion. Under the terms of the program, individual maturities on borrowings may vary, but not exceed one year from the date of issue. Interest bearing notes may be issued either as fixed or floating rate notes. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the program.

International Paper has up to $600 million of uncommitted financings based on eligible receivable balances under a receivables securitization program that expires in March 2021. At March 31, 2020, $557 million was outstanding at a weighted-average interest rate of 1.65% which represented the maximum borrowing based on eligible receivables under the receivables

20
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securitization program at that time. The remaining capacity of $43 million is subject to additional eligible receivables in the program.

On April 28, 2020, the receivable securitization program was amended from an uncommitted financing arrangement to a committed financing arrangement with a borrowing limit up to $550 million based on eligible receivable balances, and the maturity date of the program was extended for two years until April 2022. Also, subsequent to March 31, 2020, we repaid the $557 million outstanding under the receivables securitization program.

The Company’s financial covenants require the maintenance of a minimum net worth, as defined in our debt agreements, of $9 billion and a total debt-to-capital ratio of less than 60%. Net worth is defined as the sum of common stock, paid-in capital and retained earnings, less treasury stock plus any cumulative goodwill impairment charges. The calculation also excludes accumulated other comprehensive income/loss and both the current and long-term Nonrecourse Financial Liabilities of Variable Interest Entities. The total debt-to-capital ratio is defined as total debt divided by the sum of total debt plus net worth. As of March 31, 2020, we were in compliance with our debt covenants.

At March 31, 2020, the fair value of International Paper’s $10.2 billion of debt was approximately $11.0 billion. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues. International Paper’s long-term debt is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy, which is further defined in Note 16 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

NOTE 18 - DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

As a multinational company International Paper is exposed to market risks, such as changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates and commodity prices.

The notional amounts of qualifying and non-qualifying financial instruments used in hedging transactions were as follows:
In millions
March 31, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships:
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
337

 
$
407

Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships:
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
—

 
700

Derivatives in Net Investment Hedging Relationships:
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
340

 
475

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
 
 
 
Electricity contract
8

 
16

Foreign exchange contracts
—

 
7




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During the first quarter of 2020, International Paper terminated its interest rate contracts in fair value hedging relationships. These contracts had a notional value of $700 million and an approximate fair value of $85 million at the time of termination. Subsequent to the termination of the interest rate swaps, the fair value basis adjustment is accounted for as a debt premium for the previously hedged debt. International Paper also terminated interest rate contracts in net investment hedging relationships with a notional value of $135 million during the first quarter of 2020. These contracts had an approximate fair value of $8 million at the time of termination. Subsequent to March 31, 2020, International Paper terminated the remaining interest rate contracts in net investment hedging relationships. These contracts had an approximate fair value $25 million at the time of termination. Subsequent to the termination of the net investment hedges,  the fair value is accounted for in other comprehensive income as cumulative translation adjustment for the previously hedged net investments.

The following table shows gains or losses recognized in AOCI, net of tax, related to derivative instruments: 
 
Gain (Loss)
Recognized in
AOCI
on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships:
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
(30
)
 
$
—

Total
$
(30
)
 
$
—

Derivatives in Net Investment Hedging Relationships:
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
20

 
$
—

Total
$
20

 
$
—



During the next 12 months, the amount of the March 31, 2020 AOCI balance, after tax, that is expected to be reclassified to earnings is a loss of $13 million.

The amounts of gains and losses recognized in the statement of operations on qualifying and non-qualifying financial instruments used in hedging transactions were as follows:
 
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
AOCI
(Effective Portion)
 
Location of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from AOCI
(Effective Portion)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
In millions
2020
 
2019
 
 
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships:
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
(11
)
 
$
(1
)
 
Cost of products sold
Total
$
(11
)
 
$
(1
)
 
 

 
Gain (Loss) Recognized
 
Location of Gain (Loss)
In 
Statement
of Operations
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
In millions
2020
 
2019
 
 
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
38

 
$
12

 
Interest expense, net
Debt
(38
)
 
(12
)
 
Interest expense, net
Total
$
—

 
$
—

 
 
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity contract
$
(3
)
 
$
4

 
Cost of products sold
Total
$
(3
)
 
$
4

 
 


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Fair Value Measurements

The Company has not changed its valuation techniques for measuring the fair value of any financial assets or liabilities during the quarter. Transfers between levels, if any, are recognized at the end of the reporting period.

The following table provides a summary of the impact of our derivative instruments in the balance sheet:

Fair Value Measurements
Level 2 – Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
In millions
March 31, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
March 31, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts – cash flow
$
2


$
10


$
33

 
$
4

 
Interest rate contracts - net investment
27

 
11

 
—

 
—

 
Interest rate contracts - fair value
—

 
47

 
—

 
—

 
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
29


68


33


4


Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity contract
—


—


3


2

 
Foreign exchange contracts
—


—

 
—

 
1

 
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
—

  
—

 
3


3


Total derivatives
$
29

(a)
$
68

(b)
$
36

(c)
$
7

(d)
 
(a)
Includes $10 million recorded in Other current assets and $19 million recorded in Deferred charges and other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(b)
Includes $14 million recorded in Other current assets and $54 million recorded in Deferred charges and other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(c)
Includes $33 million recorded in Other accrued liabilities and $3 million recorded in Other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(d)
Included in Other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The above contracts are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements that provide rights of offset with each counterparty when amounts are payable on the same date in the same currency or in the case of certain specified defaults. Management has made an accounting policy election to not offset the fair value of recognized derivative assets and derivative liabilities in the balance sheet. The amounts owed to the counterparties and owed to the Company are considered immaterial with respect to each counterparty and in the aggregate with all counterparties.

NOTE 19 - RETIREMENT PLANS

International Paper sponsors and maintains the Retirement Plan of International Paper Company (the Pension Plan), a tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan that provides retirement benefits to substantially all U.S. salaried, hourly and union employees who work at a participating business unit.

The Pension Plan provides defined pension benefits based on years of credited service and either final average earnings (salaried employees and hourly employees receiving salaried benefits), hourly job rates or specified benefit rates (hourly and union employees).

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company froze participation, including credited service and compensation, for salaried employees under the Pension Plan, the Pension Restoration Plan and the SERP plan. This change does not affect benefits accrued through December 31, 2018. For service after December 31, 2018, employees affected by the freeze receive a company contribution to their individual Retirement Savings Account.
 

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Net periodic pension expense for our qualified and nonqualified U.S. defined benefit plans comprised the following: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Service cost
$
20

 
$
18

Interest cost
98

 
110

Expected return on plan assets
(167
)
 
(157
)
Actuarial loss
55

 
51

Amortization of prior service cost
5

 
4

Net periodic pension expense
$
11

 
$
26



The components of net periodic pension expense other than the service cost component are included in Non-operating pension expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.

The Company’s funding policy for our pension plans is to contribute amounts sufficient to meet legal funding requirements, plus any additional amounts that the Company may determine to be appropriate considering the funded status of the plan, tax deductibility, the cash flows generated by the Company, and other factors. The Company made no voluntary cash contributions to the qualified pension plan in the first three months of 2020 or 2019. The nonqualified defined benefit plans are funded to the extent of benefit payments, which totaled $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

NOTE 20 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

International Paper has an Incentive Compensation Plan (ICP) which is administered by the Management Development and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the Committee). The ICP authorizes the grants of restricted stock, restricted or deferred stock units, performance awards payable in cash or stock upon the attainment of specified performance goals, dividend equivalents, stock options, stock appreciation rights, other stock-based awards and cash-based awards at the discretion of the Committee. As of March 31, 2020, 8.4 million shares were available for grant under the ICP.

Stock-based compensation expense and related income tax benefits were as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Total stock-based compensation expense (selling and administrative)
$
26

 
$
27

Income tax benefits related to stock-based compensation
17

 
34



At March 31, 2020, $144 million, net of estimated forfeitures, of compensation cost related to unvested restricted performance shares, executive continuity awards and restricted stock attributable to future service had not yet been recognized. This amount will be recognized in expense over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

Performance Share Plan

During the first three months of 2020, the Company granted 2.2 million performance units at an average grant date fair value of $49.15.

NOTE 21 - BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

International Paper’s business segments, Industrial Packaging, Global Cellulose Fibers and Printing Papers, are consistent with the internal structure used to manage these businesses. All segments are differentiated on a common product, common customer basis consistent with the business segmentation generally used in the Forest Products industry.


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Business segment operating profits are used by International Paper's management to measure the earnings performance of its businesses. Management believes that this measure allows a better understanding of trends in costs, operating efficiencies, prices and volumes. Business segment operating profits are defined as earnings (loss) before income taxes and equity earnings, but including the impact of equity earnings and noncontrolling interests, excluding interest expense, net, corporate items, net, corporate special items, net, business special items, net, and non-operating pension expense. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company changed its measure of business segment operating profits to exclude items considered by management to be unusual (business special items, net) from the normal operations of the business segment. As a result, all prior periods have been restated to reflect the current measure.

Sales by business segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Industrial Packaging
$
3,819

 
$
3,832

Global Cellulose Fibers
568

 
689

Printing Papers
908

 
1,065

Corporate and Intersegment Sales
57

 
57

Net Sales
$
5,352

 
$
5,643



Operating profit by business segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Industrial Packaging
$
470

 
$
421

Global Cellulose Fibers
(54
)
 
35

Printing Papers
96

 
144

Business Segment Operating Profits
$
512

  
$
600

 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) before income taxes and equity earnings
$
(16
)
 
$
418

Interest expense, net
117

 
133

Noncontrolling interests/equity earnings adjustment
—

  
(3
)
Corporate expenses, net
32

 
21

Corporate special items, net
33

 
—

Business special items, net
352

 
21

Non-operating pension expense (income)
(6
)
 
10

Business Segment Operating Profits
$
512

  
$
600




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Table of Contents

ITEM 2.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Form 10-Q") and the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (our "Annual Report"). In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs that involve significant risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include those discussed herein and elsewhere in our Annual Report, particularly in “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” of this Form 10-Q and our Annual Report.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Net earnings (loss) attributable to International Paper common shareholders were $(141) million ($(0.36) per diluted share) in the first quarter of 2020, compared with $165 million ($0.42 per diluted share) in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $424 million ($1.05 per diluted share) in the first quarter of 2019. International Paper generated Adjusted Operating Earnings Attributable to International Paper Common Shareholders (a non-GAAP measure defined below) of $226 million ($0.57 per diluted share) in the first quarter of 2020, compared with $430 million ($1.09 per diluted share) in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $447 million ($1.11 per diluted share) in the first quarter of 2019.

During the first quarter of 2020, International Paper successfully navigated a rapidly changing environment as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures to contain its spread accelerated. First and foremost in these uncertain times, International Paper remains committed to the health and safety of our employees and contractors. The commitment of our 50,000 employees worldwide, especially those in our manufacturing and converting facilities, ensures that our customers continue to supply essential products to consumers around the world. We enter this crisis with world-class manufacturing and supply chain capabilities. Our scale, flexibility and geographic reach allows us to meet our customers’ rapidly changing needs. We also enter this crisis with a strong balance sheet and liquidity position that provides us financial flexibility to navigate through this period of great uncertainty. Nevertheless, we are taking prudent actions to further strengthen the Company’s liquidity due to the unprecedented uncertainty regarding the ultimate economic impact of COVID-19. We test a variety of potential macroeconomic conditions to understand possible implications to our business to ensure we make informed decisions.

Turning to the first quarter 2020 results, we delivered solid earnings and cash generation in a rapidly changing environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. Our mill and converting teams delivered strong operational performance and managed costs under unprecedented circumstances. In our North America Industrial Packaging business, we were able to manage successfully unplanned production losses at our Rome and Bogalusa mills. Through outstanding collaboration across our commercial, supply chain and manufacturing organizations, we adapted quickly to meet our customers’ rapidly changing needs. All of which contributed to a solid performance in the first quarter, and positions us well to navigate the uncertainty that lies ahead. Also of note during the first quarter 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell our Brazilian Industrial Packaging business for approximately $63 million based on quarter-end exchange rates.

Comparing performance in the first quarter 2020 to the fourth quarter 2019, price and mix were lower, primarily driven by prior price announcements in our North American Industrial Packaging and Global Cellulose Fibers businesses. Volumes were mixed compared to the fourth quarter of 2019, as strong demand for corrugated packaging and pulp was offset by a sharp decline in demand for printing papers, as stay-at-home measures accelerated. Operations and costs were favorable as our mills and converting plants performed well, which largely mitigated the impact of incidents at our Bogalusa and Rome mills in the first quarter of 2020. The first quarter 2020 results also reflect lower employee benefit costs across all businesses. Maintenance outage costs were sequentially higher primarily driven by costs in our North American Industrial Packaging, Global Cellulose Fibers and North American Printing Papers businesses. Input costs were favorable driven by lower energy, distribution and chemicals costs. Recovered fiber costs increased rapidly in the latter part of the first quarter as generation decreased, but did not have a material impact on the first quarter earnings. Corporate expense and taxes were unfavorable compared to the fourth quarter of 2019, reflecting higher one-time costs for each. Equity earnings decreased from the fourth quarter of 2019 primarily due to a $51 million loss associated with foreign currency translation on Ilim’s US dollar denominated net debt.

Looking ahead to the second quarter of 2020, as compared to the first quarter of 2020, we expect lower price and mix on the flow-through of prior price index movements in our Industrial Packaging business. Volume is expected to be lower sequentially on lower demand for non-essential goods and lower expected volume following elevated first quarter demand in North America and Europe in response to COVID-19, as well as one less shipping day in the second quarter. Operations and costs are expected

26
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to be negatively impacted by the non-repeat of favorable employee benefit costs in the first quarter, as well as higher costs related to the Rome mill. Maintenance outage expense is expected to be lower, and input costs are expected to be higher driven by higher recovered fiber costs. In our Global Cellulose Fibers business, we expect price and mix to improve following recent price index movements. Volume is expected to be sequentially flat. Operations and costs are expected to negatively impact earnings due to the non-repeat of favorable employee benefit costs recognized in the first quarter. Maintenance outage expenses are expected to decrease while input costs are expected to remain stable. In our Printing Papers business, we expect price and mix to be flat. Volume is expected to be significantly lower as a result of the sharp demand drop caused by COVID-19. Operations and costs are also expected to significantly lower earnings in the business due to the impact of unabsorbed fixed costs. Maintenance outage expenses are expected to decrease while input costs are expected to remain stable. Lastly for our Ilim joint venture, we expect improved results on the non-repeat of the foreign currency loss on US denominated debt recognized in the first quarter.

There continue to be significant uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including with respect to the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities and private businesses to
attempt to contain the COVID-19 outbreak or to mitigate its impact; the extent and duration of social distancing and the
adoption of stay-at-home orders; and the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on economic activity and consumer confidence. As a
result, we are unable to fully quantify the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our financial results during 2020,
but developments related to COVID-19 are significantly adversely affecting our business, and could have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, particularly if negative global economic conditions
persist for a significant period of time or continue to deteriorate.

Adjusted Operating Earnings and Adjusted Operating Earnings Per Share are non-GAAP measures and are defined as net earnings (loss) attributable to International Paper (a GAAP measure) excluding special items and non-operating pension expense (income). Net earnings (loss) and Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders are the most directly comparable GAAP measures. The Company calculates Adjusted Operating Earnings by excluding the after-tax effect of non-operating pension expense (income) and items considered by management to be unusual from the earnings reported under GAAP. Adjusted Operating Earnings Per Share is calculated by dividing Adjusted Operating Earnings by diluted average shares of common stock outstanding. Management uses this measure to focus on on-going operations, and believes that it is useful to investors because it enables them to perform meaningful comparisons of past and present consolidated operating results. The Company believes that using this information, along with the most directly comparable GAAP measure, provides for a more complete analysis of the results of operations.
The following are reconciliations of Earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders to Adjusted Operating Earnings (Loss) attributable to shareholders.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
 
2019
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders
$
(141
)
 
$
424

 
$
165

Add Back - Non-operating pension expense (income)
(6
)
 
10

 
9

Add Back - Net special items expense (income)
384

 
21

 
136

Income tax effect - Non-operating pension and special items expense
(11
)
 
(8
)
 
120

Adjusted Operating Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders
$
226

 
$
447

 
$
430

 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
2020
 
2019
 
2019
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Shareholders
$
(0.36
)
 
$
1.05

 
$
0.42

Add Back - Non-operating pension expense (income) per share
(0.01
)
 
0.02

 
0.02

Add Back - Net special items expense (income) per share
0.97

 
0.05

 
0.34

Income tax effect per share - Non-operating pension and special items expense
(0.03
)
 
(0.01
)
 
0.31

Adjusted Operating Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Shareholders
$
0.57

 
$
1.11

 
$
1.09


Cash provided by operations totaled $649 million and $733 million for the first three months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company generated free cash flow of approximately $363 million and $440 million in the first three months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure and the most directly comparable GAAP measure is cash provided by operations. Management utilizes this measure in connection with managing our business and believes that free cash flow is useful to investors as a liquidity measure because it measures the amount of cash generated that is available, after reinvesting in

27
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the business, to maintain a strong balance sheet, pay dividends, repurchase stock, service debt and make investments for future growth. It should not be inferred that the entire free cash flow amount is available for discretionary expenditures. By adjusting for certain items that are not indicative of the Company's ongoing performance, we believe that free cash flow also enables investors to perform meaningful comparisons between past and present periods.

The following is a reconciliation of cash provided by operations to free cash flow: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Cash provided by operations
$
649

 
$
733

Adjustments:
 
 
 
Cash invested in capital projects, net of insurance recoveries
(286
)
 
(293
)
Free Cash Flow
$
363

 
$
440


The non-GAAP financial measures presented in this Quarter Report on Form 10-Q as referenced above have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for an analysis of our results calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because not all companies utilize identical calculations, the Company's presentation of non-GAAP measures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not be comparable to similarly titled measures disclosed by other companies, including companies in the same industry as the Company.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
For the first quarter of 2020, International Paper Company reported net sales of $5.4 billion, compared with $5.5 billion in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $5.6 billion in the first quarter of 2019.
Net earnings (loss) attributable to International Paper totaled $(141) million, or $(0.36) per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2020. This compared with $165 million, or $0.42 per diluted share, in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $424 million, or $1.05 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2019.
continuingopswaterfallqoqq13.jpg
Compared with the fourth quarter of 2019, earnings benefited from lower operating costs ($14 million), lower raw material and freight costs ($20 million) and lower non-operating pension expense ($12 million). These benefits were offset by lower average sales prices and an unfavorable mix ($57 million), lower sales volumes ($16 million), higher mill maintenance outage costs

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Table of Contents

($76 million), higher corporate and other items ($17 million), higher net interest expense ($1 million) and higher tax expense ($11 million). Equity earnings, net of taxes, relating to International Paper’s investments in Ilim S.A., Graphic Packaging International Partners, LLC, and other investments were $60 million lower than in the fourth quarter of 2019. Net special items in the first quarter of 2020 were a loss of $372 million compared with a loss of $258 million in the fourth quarter of 2019.
continuingopswaterfallyoyq13.jpg

Compared with the first quarter of 2019, the first quarter of 2020 reflects higher sales volumes ($30 million), lower operating costs ($68 million), lower raw material and freight costs ($120 million), lower mill maintenance outage costs ($1 million), lower net interest expense ($11 million) and lower non-operating pension expense ($13 million). These benefits were offset by lower average sales prices and an unfavorable mix ($285 million), higher corporate and other costs ($9 million) and higher tax expense ($12 million). Equity earnings, net of taxes, relating to International Paper’s investments in Ilim S.A., Graphic Packaging International Partners, LLC, and other investments were $145 million lower in the first quarter of 2020 than in the first quarter of 2019. Net special items in the first quarter of 2020 were a loss of $372 million compared with a loss of $15 million in the first quarter of 2019.
Business Segment Operating Profits are used by International Paper's management to measure the earnings performance of its businesses. Management uses this measure to focus on on-going operations, and believes that it is useful to investors because it enables them to perform meaningful comparisons of past and present operating results. International Paper believes that using this information, along with net earnings, provides a more complete analysis of the results of operations by quarter. Business Segment Operating Profits are defined as earnings (loss) before income taxes and equity earnings, but including the impact of equity earnings and noncontrolling interests, and excluding interest expense, net, corporate expenses, net, corporate special items, net, business special items, net and non-operating pension expense. Business Segment Operating Profits is a measure reported to our management for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to our business segments and assessing the performance of our business segments and is presented in our financial statement footnotes in accordance with ASC 280.
International Paper operates in three segments: Industrial Packaging, Global Cellulose Fibers and Printing Papers.


29
Table of Contents

The following table presents a reconciliation of net earnings (loss) attributable to International Paper Company to its Total Business Segment Operating Profit: 
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
 
2019
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to International Paper Company
$
(141
)
 
$
424

 
$
165

Add back (deduct):
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax provision (benefit)
94

 
106

 
263

Equity (earnings) loss, net of taxes
31

 
(114
)
 
(29
)
Noncontrolling interests, net of taxes
—

 
2

 
1

Earnings (Loss) Before Income Taxes and Equity Earnings
(16
)
 
418

 
400

Interest expense, net
117

 
133

 
113

Noncontrolling interests / equity earnings included in operations
—

 
(3
)
 
(1
)
Corporate expenses, net
32

 
21

 
9

Corporate special items, net
33

 
—

 
56

Business special items, net
352

 
21

 
83

Non-operating pension expense (income)
(6
)
 
10

 
9

Business Segment Operating Profit
$
512

 
$
600

 
$
669

Business Segment Operating Profit (Loss):
 
 
 
 
 
Industrial Packaging
$
470

 
$
421

 
$
605

Global Cellulose Fibers
(54
)
 
35

 
(45
)
Printing Papers
96

 
144

 
109

Total Business Segment Operating Profit
$
512

 
$
600

 
$
669


































30
Table of Contents

Business Segment Operating Profit

Total business segment operating profits were $512 million in the first quarter of 2020, $669 million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $600 million in the first quarter of 2019.

segmentopswaterfallqoqq120.jpg
Compared with the fourth quarter of 2019, operating profits benefited from lower operating costs ($19 million) and lower raw material and freight costs ($27 million). These benefits were offset by lower average sales prices and an unfavorable mix ($78 million), lower sales volumes ($22 million) and higher mill outage costs ($103 million).




31
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segmentopswaterfallyoyq120.jpg
Compared with the first quarter of 2019, operating profits in the current quarter benefited from higher sales volumes ($40 million), lower operating costs ($91 million), lower raw material and freight costs ($160 million) and lower mill outage costs ($2 million). These benefits were offset by lower average sales prices and an unfavorable mix ($381 million).

Economic downtime results from the amount of production required to meet our customer demand. Planned maintenance downtime is taken periodically throughout the year. The following table details North American planned maintenance and economic-related downtime:
in thousands of tons
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Economic-related downtime
83

484

149

Maintenance downtime
170

156

28



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Table of Contents

Sales Volumes by Product (a)
Sales volumes of major products for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In thousands of short tons (except as noted)
2020
 
2019
Industrial Packaging
 
 
 
Corrugated Packaging (b)
2,624

 
2,535

Containerboard
827

 
697

Recycling
416

 
609

Saturated Kraft
48

 
41

Gypsum/Release Kraft
56

 
51

Bleached Kraft
7

 
7

EMEA Packaging (b)
441

 
370

Brazilian Packaging (b)
90

 
85

European Coated Paperboard
111

 
104

Industrial Packaging
4,620

 
4,499

Global Cellulose Fibers (in thousands of metric tons) (c)
901

 
859

Printing Papers
 
 
 
U.S. Uncoated Papers
415

 
448

European and Russian Uncoated Papers
360

 
354

Brazilian Uncoated Papers
240

 
244

Indian Uncoated Papers
—

 
68

Printing Papers
1,015

 
1,114

 
(a)
Sales volumes include third party and inter-segment sales and exclude sales of equity investees.
(b)
Volumes for corrugated box sales reflect consumed tons sold (CTS). Board sales for these businesses reflect invoiced tons.
(c)
Includes North American, European and Brazilian volumes and internal sales to mills.
Income Taxes
An income tax provision of $94 million was recorded for the first quarter of 2020 and the reported effective income tax rate was (588)%. Excluding a benefit of $12 million related to the tax effects of special items and an expense of $1 million related to the tax effects of non-operating pension income, the effective income tax rate was 29% for the quarter.
An income tax provision of $263 million was recorded for the fourth quarter of 2019 and the reported effective income tax rate was 66%. Excluding an expense of $122 million related to the tax effects of special items and a benefit of $2 million related to the tax effects of non-operating pension expense, the effective income tax rate was 26% for the quarter.
An income tax provision of $106 million was recorded for the first quarter of 2019 and the reported effective income tax rate was 25%. Excluding a benefit of $6 million related to the tax effects of special items and a benefit of $2 million related to the tax effects of non-operating pension expense, the effective income tax rate was 25% for the quarter.
Interest Expense
Net interest expense was $117 million in the first quarter of 2020, compared with $113 million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $133 million in the first quarter of 2019.










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Effects of Special Items and Non-Operating Pension Expense (Income)
Details of special items and non-operating pension expense (income) for the three months ended are as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2019
 
In millions
 
Before Tax
 
After Tax
 
Before Tax
 
After Tax
 
Before Tax
 
After Tax
 
Business Segments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brazil Packaging impairment
 
$
344

 
$
337

(a)
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
Abandoned property removal
 
9

 
7

(b)
11

 
8

(b)
15

 
12

(b)
Riverdale mill conversion
 
1

 
1

(c)
1

 
1

(c)
2

 
1

(c)
Multi-employer pension plan exit liability
 
—

 
—

 
16

 
12

(a)
—

 
—

 
Global Cellulose Fibers goodwill impairment
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
52

 
42

(d)
EMEA Packaging optimization
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
17

 
14

(a)
Foreign value-added tax refund accrual
 
(2
)
 
(1
)
(a)
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
(2
)
(c)
Gain on sale of EMEA Packaging box plant
 
—

 
—

 
(7
)
 
(6
)
(a)
1

 
1

(a)
India impairment
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
(c)
Business Segments Total
 
352

 
344

 
21

 
15

 
83

 
67

 
Corporate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Environmental remediation reserve adjustment
 
41

 
31

 
—

 
—

 
10

 
8

 
India investment fair value adjustment
 
17

 
17

 
—

 
—

 
3

 
3

 
Debt extinguishment costs
 
8

 
6

 
—

 
—

 
21

 
16

 
Litigation reserves
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
19

 
14

 
India transaction costs
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3

 
2

 
Gain on sale of portion of equity investment in Graphic Packaging
 
(33
)
 
(25
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Other
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
Corporate Total
 
32

 
28

 
—

 
—

 
53

 
41

 
Total special items
 
384

 
372

 
21

 
15

 
136

 
108

 
Non-operating pension expense (income)
 
(6
)
 
(5
)
 
10

 
8

 
9

 
7

 
Total special items and non-operating pension expense (income)
 
$
378

 
$
367

 
$
31

 
$
23

 
$
145

 
$
115

 

(a)
Recorded in the Industrial Packaging segment.
(b)
Includes $6 million ($5 million after taxes), $8 million ($6 million after taxes) and $10 million ($8 million after taxes) for the three months ended March 31, 2020, March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2019, respectively, recorded in the Industrial Packaging segment; $3 million ($2 million after taxes), $3 million ($2 million after taxes) and $4 million ($3 million after taxes) for the three months ended March 31, 2020, March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2019, respectively, recorded in the Global Cellulose Fibers segment; $1 million (before and after taxes) for the three months ended December 31, 2019 recorded in the Printing Papers segment.
(c)
Recorded in the Printing Papers segment.
(d)
Recorded in the Global Cellulose Fibers segment.
Special items include the following tax expenses (benefits):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
In millions
 
2020
 
2019
 
2019
Foreign deferred tax valuation allowance
 
—

 
—

 
203

Internal investment restructuring
 
—

 
—

 
(53
)
Total
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
150




34
Table of Contents

BUSINESS SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

The following tables present net sales and business segment operating profit (loss) which is the Company's measure of segment profitability.

Industrial Packaging 
Total Industrial Packaging
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales
$
3,819

 
$
3,832

 
$
3,810

Operating Profit
$
470

 
$
421

 
$
605

Industrial Packaging net sales for the first quarter of 2020 were slightly higher compared with the fourth quarter of 2019 and slightly lower compared with the first quarter of 2019. Operating profit was 22% lower in the first quarter of 2020 than in the fourth quarter of 2019 and 12% higher than in the first quarter of 2019.
North American Industrial Packaging
2020
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales (a)
$
3,355

 
$
3,376

 
$
3,351

Operating Profit
$
437

 
$
419

 
$
584


(a)
Includes intra-segment sales of $32 million, $31 million and $31 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
North American Industrial Packaging sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 increased compared to the fourth quarter of 2019, as higher export containerboard volumes were slightly offset by seasonally lower shipments for boxes. Box demand increased late in the quarter reflecting COVID-19 impacts in certain customer segments including food and beverage, non- durables and e-commerce. Total maintenance and economic downtime was about 58,000 tons higher in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the fourth quarter of 2019, primarily driven by maintenance downtime. Average sales prices were lower for boxes and export containerboard, reflecting price index movement early in the first quarter. Operating costs were higher driven by the Riverdale conversion, a recovery boiler event at the Bogalusa mill and a fire at the Rome mill. Planned maintenance downtime costs were $72 million higher in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the fourth quarter of 2019. Input costs were favorable, primarily for energy, chemicals and fuel slightly offset by higher recovered fiber costs. Earnings were negatively impacted by the non-repeat of a favorable inventory valuation adjustment in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Compared with the first quarter of 2019, sales volumes were higher in the first quarter of 2020 for export containerboard and boxes reflecting stronger demand. Total maintenance and economic downtime was about 351,000 tons lower in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the first quarter of 2019, primarily driven by economic downtime. Export containerboard and box prices were significantly lower reflecting prior index movements throughout 2019 and early 2020. Operating costs were higher. Planned maintenance downtime costs were $19 million lower in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the first quarter of 2019. Input costs were significantly lower, driven by recovered fiber, energy and wood.
Entering the second quarter of 2020, sales volumes for boxes and export containerboard are expected to be lower, reflecting one less shipping day and the expected negative demand impacts of COVID-19. Average sales prices for boxes are expected to be lower due to prior index movements in early 2020. Export containerboard prices are expected to be higher. Operating costs are expected to be slightly higher, including impacts from COVID-19. Planned maintenance downtime costs are expected to be $29 million lower in the second quarter of 2020 than in the first quarter of 2020. Input costs are expected to be higher, primarily for significantly higher recovered fiber prices driven by lack of availability.
EMEA Industrial Packaging
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales
$
350

 
$
339

 
$
341

Operating Profit (Loss)
$
10

 
$
(15
)
 
$
6

EMEA Industrial Packaging sales volumes for boxes in the first quarter of 2020 were higher than in the fourth quarter of 2019, primarily driven by higher seasonal box demand in Morocco and improving economic conditions in Turkey, slightly offset by lower volumes in the Eurozone reflecting the negative demand impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Average sales margins were lower driven by an unfavorable mix. Operating costs were lower, reflecting the continued improved performance at the Madrid mill. Planned maintenance downtime costs were flat in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the fourth quarter of 2019. Input costs were favorable. Earnings were negatively impacted by unfavorable foreign currency impacts, primarily in Morocco.

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Table of Contents

Compared with the first quarter of 2019, sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 were slightly lower as higher volumes in Morocco and Turkey were more than offset by lower volumes in the Eurozone reflecting the negative demand impacts of COVID-19. Average sales margins for boxes improved significantly, reflecting stable box prices and lower containerboard costs. Operating costs significantly improved from the ramp-up of the Madrid mill and improved box plant operations. Earnings also benefited from the box plant acquisitions completed in the first half of 2019. Planned maintenance downtime costs were $1 million higher in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. Input costs were favorable. Earnings were negatively impacted by unfavorable foreign currency impacts.
Looking ahead to the second quarter of 2020, sales volumes for boxes are expected to be lower in all regions reflecting the negative demand impacts of COVID-19 and seasonality in Morocco. Average sales margins are expected to be higher in Turkey and Morocco partially offset by lower sales margins in the Eurozone. Operating and input costs are expected to be higher due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Planned maintenance downtime costs are expected to be lower in the second quarter of 2020 as there are no planned outages.
Brazilian Industrial Packaging
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales
$
54

 
$
57

 
$
59

Operating Profit (Loss)
$
(1
)
 
$
(5
)
 
$
(2
)
Brazilian Industrial Packaging sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the fourth quarter of 2019 were lower for both boxes and containerboard. Average sales prices were higher for boxes and containerboard. There were no planned maintenance downtime outages in either the first quarter of 2020 or the fourth quarter of 2019. Input costs were lower, primarily for recovered fiber.
Compared with the first quarter of 2019, sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 were higher for boxes, partially offset by lower volumes for containerboard. Average sales prices increased for boxes and containerboard. Operating costs were favorable. Input costs were stable as lower recovered fiber costs were offset by higher energy and rollstock costs. There were no planned maintenance downtime outages in the first quarter of 2019.
Looking ahead to the second quarter of 2020, sales volumes for boxes and containerboard are expected to be seasonally higher, but the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to adversely impact demand for durables and discretionary segments partially offset by food and beverage and ecommerce. Average sales margins are expected to be slightly lower, reflecting an unfavorable mix. There are no planned maintenance downtime outages expected in the second quarter of 2020. Input costs are expected to be lower for recovered fiber.
European Coated Paperboard
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales
$
92

 
$
91

 
$
90

Operating Profit
$
24

 
$
22

 
$
17

European Coated Paperboard sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the fourth quarter of 2019 were higher in both Europe and Russia. Average sales margins were stable as higher sales prices in Russia were offset by an unfavorable mix in both regions. Lower operating costs in Russia were more than offset by higher operating costs in Europe. There were no planned maintenance downtime outages in either the first quarter of 2020 or the fourth quarter of 2019. Input costs were lower in Europe primarily for purchased pulp, wood and energy. In Russia, input costs were stable. Earnings benefited from favorable foreign currency impacts, primarily in Russia.
Compared with the first quarter of 2019, sales volumes increased in both Europe and Russia. Average sales margins improved in Europe driven by a favorable mix and were stable in Russia. Operating costs were higher in both regions. There were no planned maintenance downtime costs in either the first quarter of 2020 or the first quarter of 2019. Input costs were lower in Europe for purchased pulp, wood and energy. In Russia, input costs were stable. Earnings benefited from favorable foreign currency impacts in Russia partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency impacts in Europe.
Entering the second quarter of 2020, sales volumes are expected to be lower in both Europe and Russia. Average sales margins are expected to be stable in both regions. Planned maintenance downtime costs are expected to be $3 million higher in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2020 with an outage scheduled in Russia. Operating costs are expected to be higher in Europe and stable in Russia. Input costs are expected to be higher in both regions, primarily for chemicals and energy in Europe and wood in Russia.



36
Table of Contents

Global Cellulose Fibers
Total Global Cellulose Fibers
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales
$
568

 
$
689

 
$
577

Operating Profit (Loss)
$
(54
)
 
$
35

 
$
(45
)
Global Cellulose Fibers net sales were 2% lower in the first quarter of 2020 than in the fourth quarter of 2019 and 18% lower than in the first quarter of 2019. Operating profit in the first quarter of 2020 was 20% lower than the fourth quarter of 2019 and significantly lower than in the first quarter of 2019.
Sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the fourth quarter of 2019 were stable, reflecting solid demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Total maintenance and economic downtime was about 12,000 tons higher in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the fourth quarter of 2019, primarily driven by maintenance downtime. Average sales margins decreased, reflecting lower average pulp prices partially offset by a favorable product mix. Operating costs were favorable, reflecting improved mill reliability and reduced spending. Planned maintenance downtime costs in the first quarter of 2020 were $23 million higher than in the fourth quarter of 2019. Earnings benefited in the first quarter of 2020 from a favorable inventory valuation adjustment. Input costs were slightly favorable, primarily for wood, chemicals and energy. In Europe and Russia, sales volumes were lower in Russia and stable in Europe. Average sales prices were stable as higher sales prices in Russia were mostly offset by an unfavorable mix in both regions. Planned maintenance downtime costs in the first quarter of 2020 were $7 million lower than in the fourth quarter of 2019 in Europe and Russia. Operating costs were flat in both Europe and Russia. Input costs were stable in both Europe and Russia.
Compared with the first quarter of 2019, sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 were higher, driven by solid demand entering the COVID-19 pandemic and commercial gains. Total maintenance and economic downtime was about 69,000 tons lower in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the first quarter of 2019, primarily driven by economic downtime. Average sales prices were significantly lower for both fluff and market pulp, reflecting the price decreases throughout 2019. Operating costs were favorable. Planned maintenance downtime costs in the first quarter of 2020 were $8 million lower than in the first quarter of 2019. Input costs were favorable, primarily for wood, chemicals and energy. In Europe and Russia, sales volumes decreased. Average sales prices were also lower in both regions. Operating costs were lower in Europe, but higher in Russia. There were no planned maintenance downtime costs in either the first quarter of 2020 or the first quarter of 2019 in Europe and Russia. Input costs were flat in both Europe and Russia. Earnings were negatively impacted by unfavorable foreign currency impacts in Russia.
Entering the second quarter of 2020, sales volumes are expected to be stable as the COVID-19 related surge buying moderates. Average sales margins are expected to be higher, reflecting flow through of previously announced price increases. Planned maintenance downtime costs in the second quarter of 2020 are expected to be $28 million lower than in the first quarter of 2020. Input costs are expected to be stable. Earnings will be negatively impacted by the non-repeat of the favorable inventory valuation adjustment in the first quarter of 2020. In Europe and Russia, sales volumes are expected to be stable in Europe and higher in Russia. Average sales margins are expected to be stable in both regions. Operating costs are expected to be lower in both Europe and Russia. Planned maintenance downtime costs in the second quarter of 2020 should be $3 million higher than in the first quarter of 2020 with an outage planned in Russia.
Printing Papers 
Total Printing Papers
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales
$
908

 
$
1,065

 
$
1,067

Operating Profit
$
96

 
$
144

 
$
109

Printing Papers net sales for the first quarter of 2020 were 15% lower than in the fourth quarter of 2019 and 15% lower than in the first quarter of 2019. Operating profit in the first quarter of 2020 was 12% lower than in the fourth quarter of 2019 and 33% lower than in the first quarter of 2019.
North American Papers
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales
$
446

 
$
496

 
$
482

Operating Profit
$
23

 
$
57

 
$
37

North American Papers sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 were lower than in the fourth quarter of 2019 for uncoated freesheet paper due to seasonal demand for imaging and exports. Total maintenance and economic downtime was about 6,000 tons higher in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the fourth quarter of 2019, primarily driven by maintenance downtime.

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Table of Contents

Average sales margins were stable, reflecting lower sales prices net of a favorable geographic mix. Operating costs were seasonally higher. Planned maintenance downtime costs were $27 million higher in the first quarter of 2020, compared with the fourth quarter of 2019. Input costs were stable. Earnings benefited by the non-repeat of an unfavorable inventory valuation adjustment in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Compared with the first quarter of 2019, sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 were lower for uncoated freesheet paper, primarily driven by year over year market decline as well as the Riverdale conversion. Total maintenance and economic downtime was about 33,000 tons higher in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to maintenance downtime. Average sales margins were lower, reflecting lower sales prices and an unfavorable geographic mix. Operating costs were higher. Planned maintenance downtime costs were $24 million higher than in the first quarter of 2019 compared with the first quarter of 2019, primarily driven by maintenance downtime. Input costs were lower, primarily for wood.
Entering the second quarter of 2020, sales volumes are expected to be significantly lower, reflecting the ongoing unprecedented decline in demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Average sales prices are expected to be stable. Operating costs are expected to be higher. Planned maintenance downtime costs are expected to be $21 million lower in the second quarter of 2020. Input costs are expected to be stable.
European Papers
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales
$
287

 
$
309

 
$
321

Operating Profit
$
41

 
$
47

 
$
27

European Papers sales volumes for uncoated freesheet paper in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the fourth quarter of 2019 were stable in Europe, but lower in Russia. Average sales prices for uncoated freesheet paper were lower in both regions. Operating costs were lower in both regions. Planned maintenance downtime costs were $9 million lower in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. Input costs were lower in Europe, primarily for wood and energy. Input costs were stable in Russia. Earnings benefited from favorable foreign currency impacts in both Europe and Russia.
Sales volumes for uncoated freesheet paper in the first quarter of 2020, compared with the first quarter of 2019, were lower in Europe and higher in Russia. Average sales margins for uncoated freesheet paper decreased in both regions, reflecting lower sales prices and an unfavorable mix in both regions. Operating costs were lower in Europe and higher in Russia. There were no planned maintenance downtime outages in either the first quarter of 2020 or the first quarter of 2019. In Europe, input costs were lower for wood, purchased pulp and energy. In Russia, input costs were stable. Earnings benefited from favorable foreign currency impacts in Russia.
Looking forward to the second quarter of 2020, sales volumes for uncoated freesheet paper are expected to be significantly lower in both Europe and Russia, reflecting the ongoing negative demand impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Average sales prices are expected to be stable in both regions. Operating costs are expected to be higher in both Europe and Russia. Planned maintenance downtime costs are expected be $8 million higher in the second quarter of 2020 with an outage planned in Russia. Input costs are expected to be stable in Europe and higher in Russia, primarily for wood.
Brazilian Papers
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales (a)
$
176

 
$
215

 
$
265

Operating Profit
$
32

 
$
33

 
$
41


(a)
Includes intra-segment sales of $1 million, $8 million and $17 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Brazilian Papers sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020, compared with the fourth quarter of 2019, were seasonally lower for both domestic and export shipments of uncoated freesheet. Sales volumes were also negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic starting late in the quarter. Average sales margins were lower, reflecting lower export sales prices to other Latin American markets and an unfavorable geographic mix. Domestic sales prices were stable. Operating costs were favorable. Planned maintenance outage downtime costs were $3 million lower in the first quarter of 2020, compared with the fourth quarter of 2019. Input costs were lower, primarily for pulp and virgin fiber.
Compared with the first quarter of 2019, sales volumes for uncoated freesheet paper in the first quarter of 2020 were slightly lower as higher volumes for export markets were more than offset by lower domestic volumes. Average sales prices for domestic markets were stable, while export sales prices were lower. An unfavorable geographic mix also negatively impacted the quarter. Operating costs were favorable. There were no planned maintenance downtime outages in either the first quarter of 2020 or the first quarter of 2019. Input costs were lower, primarily for pulp.

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Entering the second quarter of 2020, sales volumes for uncoated freesheet paper are expected to be significantly lower for both domestic and export markets, reflecting the unprecedented decline in demand related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Average sales prices are expected to be lower but offset by a favorable mix. Operating costs are expected to be higher. Planned maintenance outage expenses are expected to be slightly higher in the second quarter of 2020. Input costs are expected to be higher, primarily for virgin fiber.
Indian Papers
2020
 
2019
In millions
1st Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
4th Quarter
Sales
$
—

 
$
53

 
$
16

Operating Profit
$
—

 
$
7

 
$
4

On May 29, 2019, International Paper announced it had entered into an agreement to sell its controlling interest in its Indian Papers business. The transaction closed on October 30, 2019.
Equity Earnings, Net of Taxes – Ilim
International Paper accounts for its 50% equity interest in Ilim S.A. (Ilim) using the equity method of accounting. Ilim is a separate reportable industry segment whose primary operations are in Russia. The Company recorded equity earnings (loss), net of taxes, of $(35) million in the first quarter of 2020, compared with $21 million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $101 million in the first quarter of 2019. In the first quarter of 2020, the after-tax foreign exchange impact primarily on the remeasurement of U.S. dollar-denominated net debt was a loss of $51 million, compared with a gain of $8 million in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Compared with the fourth quarter of 2019, sales volumes were solid in the first quarter of 2020, finishing only 1% lower overall, primarily for sales of hardwood pulp in China, Russia and other export markets, partially offset by higher sales of containerboard in China. Average sales price realizations were lower for softwood pulp, hardwood pulp and containerboard in China, Russia and other export markets. Input costs for wood and electricity were higher.
Compared with the first quarter of 2019, sales volumes in the first quarter of 2020 decreased overall by 3%, primarily for sales of softwood pulp in China, Russia and other export markets, partially offset by higher sales of containerboard in Russia and other export markets. Average sales price realizations for softwood pulp, hardwood pulp and containerboard were lower in all markets. Input costs, primarily for wood were higher, but fuel and distribution costs were lower. An after-tax foreign exchange gain of $21 million primarily on the remeasurement of U.S. dollar denominated net debt was recorded in the first quarter of 2019.
Looking forward to the second quarter of 2020, sales volumes are expected to be higher. Average sales price realizations are projected to increase compared with the first quarter of 2020. Input costs for wood are expected to be seasonally higher. Maintenance mill outages are scheduled to occur at the Koryzhama, Bratsk and Ust Ilmsk mills.
Equity Earnings – GPIP
International Paper recorded equity earnings of $7 million in the first quarter of 2020, compared with $9 million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $13 million in the first quarter of 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the Company's ownership interest in GPIP was 18.7%.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash provided by operations totaled $649 million for the first three months of 2020, compared with $733 million for the comparable 2019 three-month period.
Investments in capital projects, net of insurance recoveries, totaled $286 million in the first three months of 2020, compared to $293 million in the first three months of 2019. Full-year 2020 capital spending is currently expected to be approximately $600 million, which represents a reduction of approximately $350 million from our initial plan. This represents 46% of depreciation and amortization, including approximately $240 million of strategic investments.
Financing activities for the first three months of 2020 included a $424 million net increase in debt versus a $66 million net increase in debt during the comparable 2019 three-month period.
Amounts related to early debt extinguishment during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
In millions
2020
 
2019
Early debt reductions (a)
$
72

 
$
94

Pre-tax early debt extinguishment (gain) loss, net
8

 
(1
)


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(a)
Reductions related to notes with interest rates ranging from 3.00% to 4.40% with original maturities from 2026 to 2048 and from 3.00% to 9.50% with original maturities from 2024 to 2033 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
At March 31, 2020, contractual obligations for future payments of debt maturities (including finance lease liabilities disclosed in Note 11 - Leases and excluding the timber monetization structures disclosed in Note 16 - Variable Interest Entities) by calendar year were as follows: $656 million in 2020; $438 million in 2021; $142 million in 2022; $362 million in 2023; $807 million in 2024; and $7.8 billion thereafter. Subsequent to March 31, 2020, we repaid $557 million outstanding under the receivables securitization program and refinanced $87 million of debt due in 2020 to 2022.
Maintaining an investment-grade credit rating is an important element of International Paper’s financing strategy. At March 31, 2020, the Company held long-term credit ratings of BBB (stable outlook) and Baa2 (stable outlook) by S&P and Moody’s, respectively. In addition, the Company held short-term credit ratings of A2 and P2 by S&P and Moody's, respectively, for borrowings under the Company's commercial paper program.
On March 25, 2020, the Company entered into a $750 million contractually committed 364-day revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of banks and other financial institutions which augments the Company's access to liquidity due to current macroeconomic conditions and supplements the Company's $1.5 billion five-year credit agreement expiring in December 2021.
At March 31, 2020, International Paper’s credit agreements totaled $2.9 billion, which is comprised of the $750 million contractually committed revolving credit agreement, the $1.5 billion contractually committed bank credit agreement, and up to $600 million under the receivables securitization program. Management believes these credit agreements are adequate to cover expected operating cash flow variability during the current economic cycle. The credit agreements generally provide for interest rates at a floating rate index plus a pre-determined margin dependent upon International Paper’s credit rating. At March 31, 2020, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under either the $750 million revolving credit agreement or the $1.5 billion credit agreement. The receivables securitization program with up to $600 million of uncommitted financings based on eligible receivable balances expires in March 2021. At March 31, 2020, $557 million was outstanding at a weighted-average interest rate of 1.65% which represented the maximum borrowing based on eligible receivables under the program at that time. The remaining capacity of $43 million is subject to additional eligible receivables in the program. On April 28, 2020, the receivable securitization program was amended from an uncommitted financing arrangement to a committed financing arrangement with a borrowing limit up to $550 million based on eligible receivable balances, and the maturity date of the program was extended for two years until April 2022. The Company’s credit agreements are not subject to any restrictive covenants other than the financial covenants as disclosed in Note 17 - Debt, and the borrowings under receivables securitization program being limited by eligible receivables. The Company was in compliance with all its debt covenants at March 31, 2020 and was well below the thresholds stipulated under the covenants as defined in the credit agreements. Further the financial covenants do not restrict any borrowings under the credit agreements.
In addition to the $2.9 billion in credit agreements, International Paper has a commercial paper program with a borrowing capacity of $1.0 billion. Under the terms of the program, individual maturities on borrowings may vary, but not exceed one year from the date of issue. Interest bearing notes may be issued either as fixed or floating rate notes. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the program.
International Paper expects to be able to meet projected capital expenditures, service existing debt and meet working capital and dividend requirements during the remainder of 2020 with current cash balances and cash from operations, supplemented as required by its existing credit facilities. The Company will continue to rely on debt and capital markets for the majority of any necessary long-term funding not provided by operating cash flows. Funding decisions will be guided by our capital structure planning objectives. The primary goals of the Company’s capital structure planning are to maximize financial flexibility and maintain appropriate levels of liquidity to meet our needs while managing balance sheet debt and interest expense. The majority of International Paper’s debt is accessed through global public capital markets where we have a wide base of investors. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy and created significant volatility and disruption of capital and financial markets. As a result of the current economic environment, management has taken various actions to further strengthen the Company’s liquidity position. In addition to the Company entering into a $750 million revolving credit agreement and the Company amending the receivable securitization program from uncommitted to committed financing, the Company also plans to reduce capital expenditures by approximately $350 million in 2020, has indefinitely suspended the Company’s share repurchase program beginning April 2020, and has been deferring the payment of our payroll taxes as allowed under CARES Act. The CARES Act allows for the deferral of the payment of the employer portion of Social Security taxes accrued between March 27, 2020, and December 31, 2020. Under the CARES Act 50% of the deferred taxes will be paid by December 31, 2021 and the remainder will be paid by December 31, 2022. We believe that these actions provide us with sufficient liquidity to operate in this uncertain environment; however, an extended period of economic disruption could impact our access to additional sources of liquidity.
During the first three months of 2020, International Paper used 2.0 million shares of treasury stock for various incentive plans. International Paper also acquired 1.2 million shares of treasury stock, including restricted stock tax withholdings. Repurchases

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of common stock and payments of restricted stock withholding taxes totaled $41 million, including $14 million related to shares repurchased under the Company's repurchase program.
During the first three months of 2019, International Paper used approximately 3.4 million shares of treasury stock for various incentive plans. International Paper also acquired 5.0 million shares of treasury stock, including restricted stock tax withholding. Repurchases of common stock and payments of restricted stock withholding taxes totaled $229 million.
On October 9, 2018, the Company announced an authorization to repurchase $2 billion of the Company's common stock to supplement remaining amounts under prior share repurchase authorizations, bringing total share repurchase authorizations since 2013 to $5.0 billion. Under the $5.0 billion share repurchase program, the Company has repurchased 69.5 million shares at an average price of $47.03, for a total of approximately $3.3 billion, as of March 31, 2020. As noted above, the Company has indefinitely suspended its repurchase program beginning April 2020.
Cash dividend payments related to common stock totaled $202 million and $201 million for the first three months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Dividends were $0.5125 per share and $0.50 per share for the first three months in 2020 and 2019, respectively. Currently there are no plans to make changes to our dividend policy.
Our pension plan is currently sufficiently funded and we do not anticipate any required contributions in 2020.
Variable Interest Entities
Information concerning variable interest entities is set forth in Note 15 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. In connection with the 2006 International Paper installment sale of forestlands, we received $4.8 billion of installment notes. These installment notes were used by variable interest entities as collateral for borrowings from third-party lenders. These variable interest entities were restructured in 2015 when the installment notes and third-party loans were extended. The restructured variable interest entities hold installment notes of $4.8 billion that mature in August 2021 (unless extended) and third-party loans of $4.2 billion that mature in the fourth quarter of 2020 (unless extended). These third-party loans are shown in Current nonrecourse financial liabilities of variable interest entities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. We are evaluating alternatives for extending the installment notes and refinancing the third-party loans.

Failure to extend, renew or refinance these third-party loans prior to their stated maturity, which we believe is unlikely, could necessitate a disposition of the installment notes to facilitate the $4.2 billion debt payment, which we are confident could be achieved.
Ilim S.A. Shareholders’ Agreement
In October 2007, in connection with the formation of the Ilim S.A. joint venture (Ilim), International Paper entered into a shareholders' agreement that includes provisions relating to the reconciliation of disputes among the partners. This agreement provides that at any time, either the Company or its partners may commence procedures specified under the deadlock agreement. If these or any other deadlock procedures under the shareholders' agreement are commenced, although it is not obligated to do so, the Company may in certain situations choose to purchase its partners' 50% interest in Ilim. Any such transaction would be subject to review and approval by Russian and other relevant anti-trust authorities. Based on the provisions of the agreement, the Company estimates that the current purchase price for its partners' 50% interest would be approximately $1.3 billion, which could be satisfied by payment of cash or International Paper common stock, or some combination of the two, at the Company's option. The purchase by the Company of its partners’ 50% interest in Ilim would result in the consolidation of Ilim's financial position and results of operations in all subsequent periods. The parties have informed each other that they have no current intention to commence procedures specified under the deadlock provisions of the shareholders' agreement.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires International Paper to establish accounting policies and to make estimates that affect both the amounts and timing of the recording of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Some of these estimates require judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain.
Accounting policies whose application may have a significant effect on the reported results of operations and financial position of International Paper, and that can require judgments by management that affect their application, include accounting for contingencies, impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, pensions and income taxes.
The Company has included in its 2019 Form 10-K a discussion of these critical accounting policies, which are important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s judgments. The Company has not made any changes in these critical accounting policies during the first three months of 2020.

While we have taken into account certain impacts arising from COVID-19 in connection with the accounting estimates reflected in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the full impact of COVID-19 is unknown and cannot be reasonably estimated.

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However, we have made appropriate accounting estimates based on the facts and circumstances available as of the reporting date. To the extent there are differences between these estimates and actual results, our consolidated financial statements may be affected.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical in nature may be considered “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are often identified by the words “will,” “may,” “should,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “appear,” “project,” “estimate,” “intend” and words of a similar nature. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and reflect management’s current views with respect to future events, which are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements. Factors which could cause actual results to differ include but are not limited to: (i) developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the severity, magnitude and duration of the pandemic, negative global economic conditions arising from the pandemic, impacts of governments’ responses to the pandemic on our operations, impacts of the pandemic on commercial activity, our customers and business partners and consumer preferences and demand, supply chain disruptions, and disruptions in the capital or financial markets; (ii) the level of indebtedness and changes in interest rates; (iii) industry conditions, including but not limited to changes in the cost or availability of raw materials, energy and transportation costs, competition International Paper faces, cyclicality and changes in consumer preferences, demand and pricing for International Paper products (including changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic); (iv) domestic and global economic conditions and political changes, changes in currency exchange rates, trade protectionist policies, downgrades in International Paper’s credit ratings, and/or the credit ratings of banks issuing certain letters of credit, issued by recognized credit rating organizations; (v) the amount of International Paper’s future pension funding obligations, and pension and health care costs; (vi) unanticipated expenditures or other adverse developments related to the cost of compliance with existing and new environmental, tax, labor and employment, privacy and other U.S. and non-U.S. governmental laws and regulations (including new legal requirements arising from the COVID-19 pandemic); (vii) any material disruption at any of International Paper’s manufacturing facilities (including as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic); (viii) risks inherent in conducting business through joint ventures; (ix) International Paper’s ability to achieve the benefits expected from, and other risks associated with, acquisitions, joint ventures, divestitures and other corporate transactions, (x) information technology risks, and (xi) loss contingencies and pending, threatened or future litigation, including with respect to environmental related matters. These and other factors that could cause or contribute to actual results differing materially from such forward-looking statements can be found in International Paper’s press releases and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filings. In addition, other risks and uncertainties not presently known to International Paper or that it currently believes to be immaterial could affect the accuracy of any forward-looking statements. International Paper undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
ITEM 3.
Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk is shown on page 36 of International Paper’s 2019 Form 10-K, which information is incorporated herein by reference. There have been no material changes in the Company’s exposure to market risk since December 31, 2019.
ITEM 4.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported (and accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure) within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2020 (the end of the period covered by this report).
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting:
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
A discussion of material developments in the Company’s litigation matters occurring in the period covered by this report is found in Note 15 of the Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Additionally, in April 2020, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Company entered into a settlement of violations by the Company’s Pensacola mill of its wastewater effluent discharge permit chronic toxicity limit. The settlement includes penalties totaling $1.2 million and requires the mill to engage in certain corrective actions.
ITEM 1A.

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (Part I, Item 1A) other than as discussed below.

The current COVID-19 pandemic is significantly affecting our business, and may have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in authorities throughout the world implementing widespread measures attempting to contain the spread and impact of COVID-19, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, stay-at-home orders, the promotion of social distancing and limitations on business activity, including business closures. These measures and the pandemic are causing significant global economic downturn, disrupting supply chains, significantly increasing unemployment and underemployment levels, and adversely impacting consumer confidence and spending. The continued spread of COVID-19 has also led to significant disruption and volatility in the global capital and financial markets, which increases the cost of capital and may adversely impact our access to such markets. In addition, the negative impacts arising from the pandemic may continue or worsen in the future, amplifying the negative impact on global economic conditions and global financial markets.

Although governments of countries in which we operate have generally considered forest products and the supply chain on which we depend to be “essential industries” that should remain operational during this pandemic, any significant disruption in operations at one or more of our mills, plants, distribution centers or other facilities as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including precautionary measures we take or taken by governmental authorities that limits in-person workplace contact at any of our facilities to reduce the potential for employee exposure to COVID-19, could have an adverse effect on our business or operations. If a significant portion of our workforce is unable to work effectively due to measures taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic such as those described herein, our operations will likely be negatively impacted.

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant negative impact on demand for our printing papers products and could accelerate the underlying secular decline in demand for these products. If negative economic conditions with respect to COVID-19 persist or continue to deteriorate, these conditions are expected to impact demand for other products we sell, such as our pulp, containerboard and corrugated box products, which would be more significant to our enterprise as a whole. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may cause supply chain disruptions. Conditions related to the pandemic could also limit the ability of our suppliers, customers, third-party service providers, joint venture and other business partners and other counterparties to fulfill their commitments and responsibilities in a timely manner and in accordance with agreed upon terms, as well as limit our ability to perform fully on our contracts. Moreover, we may incur additional costs as the result of the pandemic arising from measures to keep our employees safe and expenditures to enable our office workers to work remotely. Likewise, an extended period of remote work arrangements could strain our business continuity plans, introduce operational risk, including but not limited to cybersecurity risks, and impair our ability to manage our business. Finally, if negative economic conditions arising from the pandemic persist and continue to significantly adversely affect economic conditions, this could give rise to an impairment in the value of our tangible or intangible assets, or result in a continued significant decrease in our pension plan assets or also a negative impact to pension plan liabilities.

There continue to be significant uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including with respect to the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities and private businesses to attempt to contain the COVID-19 outbreak or to mitigate its impact; the extent and duration of social distancing and the adoption of stay-at-home orders; and the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on economic activity and consumer confidence. Moreover, COVID-19 developments continue to evolve quickly, and additional developments may occur which we are unable to predict. As a result, we are unable to fully quantify the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our financial

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results during 2020, but developments related to COVID-19 are significantly adversely affecting our business, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, particularly if negative global economic conditions persist for a significant period of time or continue to deteriorate. In addition, if conditions related to the pandemic continue to create disruptions or turmoil in the capital or financial markets, or negatively impact our credit ratings, it could adversely affect our ability to access capital on favorable terms and continue to meet our liquidity needs. Finally, the impact of COVID-19 may exacerbate other risks discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, any of which could have a material effect on us.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)
Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan or Program
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in billions)
January 1, 2020 - January 31, 2020
3,705

$45.71
—

$1.75
February 1, 2020 - February 29, 2020
720,203

42.87

102,000

1.74

March 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020
495,268

20.48

491,100

1.73

Total
1,219,176

 
 
 
(a) 626,076 shares were acquired from employees or board members as a result of share withholdings to pay income taxes under the Company's restricted stock programs. The remainder were purchased under a share repurchase program that was approved and increased twice by our Board of Directors and announced on September 10, 2013, July 8, 2014 and October 9, 2018. Through this program, which does not have an expiration date, we were authorized to purchase, in open market transactions (including block trades), privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, up to $5 billion of shares of our common stock. As of March 31, 2020, approximately $1.73 billion aggregate amount of shares of our common stock remained authorized for purchase under this program. The Company has indefinitely suspended its repurchase program beginning April 2020.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
3.1
 
 
 
 
3.2
 
 
 
 
10.1
 
 
 
 
10.2
 
 
 
 
31.1
  
 
 
31.2
  
 
 
32
  
 
 
101.INS
  
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
 
 
101.SCH
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
 
 
101.CAL
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
 
 
101.DEF
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
 
 
101.LAB
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
 
 
101.PRE
  
XBRL Extension Presentation Linkbase.
 
 
 
104
 
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL, and contained in Exhibit 101).


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
                        (Registrant)                         
 
 
 
May 1, 2020
By
/s/ Tim S. Nicholls
 
 
Tim S. Nicholls
 
 
Senior Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer
 
 
 
May 1, 2020
By
/s/ Vincent P. Bonnot
 
 
Vincent P. Bonnot
 
 
Vice President – Finance and Controller

46