Going concern (continued)

In addition, if the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its then existing security holders will likely experience dilution, and the incurring of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require the Company to agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict its operations. In the event that the Company does not obtain sufficient additional capital, it will raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, realize its assets and pay its liabilities as they become due. The Company’s cash outflows are expected to consist primarily of internal and external R&D, legal and consulting expenditures to advance its product pipeline and selling, general and administrative expenses to support its commercialization efforts. Depending upon the results of the Company’s R&D programs, the impact of the litigation against the Company and the availability of financial resources, the Company could decide to accelerate, terminate, or reduce certain projects, or commence new ones. Any failure on its part to successfully commercialize approved products or raise additional funds on terms favorable to the Company or at all, may require the Company to significantly change or curtail its current or planned operations in order to conserve cash until such time, if ever, that sufficient proceeds from operations are generated, and could result in the Company not taking advantage of business opportunities, in the termination or delay of clinical trials or the Company not taking any necessary actions required by the FDA or Health Canada for one or more of the Company’s product candidates, in curtailment of the Company’s product development programs designed to identify new product candidates, in the sale or assignment of rights to its technologies, products or product candidates, and/or its inability to file Abbreviated New Drug Applications (“ANDAs”), Abbreviated New Drug Submissions (“ANDSs”) or New Drug Applications (“NDAs”) at all or in time to competitively market its products or product candidates.

The condensed unaudited interim consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of uncertainties described above. If the going concern assumption no longer becomes appropriate for these condensed unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, then adjustments would be necessary to the carrying values of assets and liabilities, the reported expenses and the balance sheet classifications used. Such adjustments could be material.

(a) Basis of consolidation (continued)

The Company’s common shares began trading on each of Nasdaq and TSX on a post-split basis under the Company’s existing trade symbol “IPCI” at the opening of the market on September14, 2018. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), the change was applied retroactively.

The condensed unaudited interim consolidated financial statements do not conform in all respects to the annual requirements of U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, these condensed unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended November 30, 2021.

These condensed unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the same accounting policies and methods as those used by the Company in the annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended November 30, 2021.

The condensed unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operation for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are normal and recurring in nature.

All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

(b) Use of estimates

The preparation of the condensed unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Areas where significant judgment is involved in making estimates are the determination of the functional currency; the fair values of financial assets and liabilities; the determination of units of accounting for revenue recognition; the accrual of licensing and milestone revenue; and forecasting future cash flows for assessing the going concern assumption.

The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak and pandemic present complex challenges and uncertainties to organizations across the world. Businesses face unprecedented times and with the situation being dynamic, the ultimate duration and magnitude of COVID-19’s impact on the economy and the Company’s business are not known at this time. Travel bans, self-quarantines and social distancing have caused material disruptions to businesses globally, resulting in economic slowdown, with global equity markets experiencing volatility and weakness. The Company has adjusted its R&D and business development/marketing activities according to the pandemic effects as it continues to work to try to ensure that operations continue while remaining committed to keeping its employees safe. The Company has also made arrangements for its employees to work under a government workshare program for eligible current employees whereby the Company is paying personnel only for a certain number of days a week and the Government of Canada provides income support in the form of employment insurance. From late 2019, the Company has had to reduce development activities and staffing levels significantly due to ongoing financial problems which have continued, coupled with the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is not possible to reliably estimate the length and severity of the developments and impact on the future financial results and condition of the Company. The challenges and uncertainties could impair the Company’s ability to raise capital, postpone research activities, impact the Company’s ability to maintain operations and launch new products; it could also impair the value of the Company’s shares and long-lived assets, and materially adversely impact its ability to generate potential future revenue.

(a) Revenue recognition (continued)

(a) Research and development costs

(b) Inventory

(c) Translation of foreign currencies

(d) Convertible debentures

(e) Investment tax credits

(f) Loss per share

(a) Convertible debentures (continued)

On January 10, 2013, the Company completed a private placement financing of the unsecured convertible 2013 Debenture in the original principal amount of $1.5 million, which was originally scheduled to mature on January 1, 2015. The 2013 Debenture bore interest at a rate of 12% per annum, payable monthly, was pre-payable at any time at the option of the Company and was convertible at any time into common shares at a conversion price of $30.00 per common share at the option of the holder. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, shareholders, directors and executive officers of the Company purchased the 2013 Debenture and provided the Company with the original $1.5 million of the proceeds for the 2013 Debenture.

Effective October 1, 2014, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was extended to July 1, 2015. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50 Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt. The increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date of the modification, in the amount of $126,414, was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a 15% effective rate of interest.

Effective June 29, 2015, the July 1, 2015 maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to January 1, 2016. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the maturity date for the debt instrument resulted in an extinguishment of the original 2013 Debenture as the change in the fair value of the embedded conversion option was greater than 10% of the carrying amount of the 2013 Debenture. In accordance with ASC Section 470-50-40 Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments-Derecognition, the 2013 Debenture was recorded at fair value. The difference between the fair value of the convertible 2013 Debenture after the extension and the net carrying value of the 2013 Debenture prior to the extension of $114,023 was recognized as a loss on the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted to the face amount of the 2013 Debenture over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a 14.6% effective rate of interest.

Effective December 8, 2015, the January 1, 2016 maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to July 1, 2016. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt. The increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date of the modification, in the amount of $83,101, was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a 6.6% effective rate of interest.

Effective May 26, 2016, the July 1, 2016 maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to December 1, 2016. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt. The increase in the fair value of the conversion

(a) Convertible debentures (continued)

option at the date of the modification, in the amount of $19,808, was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a 4.2% effective rate of interest.

Effective December 1, 2016, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to April 1, 2017and a principal repayment of $150,000 was made at the time of the extension. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt. The increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date of the modification, in the amount of $106,962, was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a 26.3% effective rate of interest.

Effective March 28, 2017, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to October 1, 2017. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt. The increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date of the modification, in the amount of $113,607, was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a 15.2% effective rate of interest.

Effective September 28, 2017, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to October 1, 2018. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as a modification of debt. The increase in the fair value of the conversion option at the date of the modification, in the amount of $53,227, was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt instrument with a corresponding increase to Additional paid-in capital. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a 4.9% effective rate of interest.

Effective October 1, 2018, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to April 1, 2019. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,350,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,350,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest. In December 2018, a principal repayment of $300,000 was made on the 2013 Debenture to Drs. Isa and Amina Odidi.

Effective April 1, 2019, the maturity date for the 2013 Debenture was further extended to May 1, 2019.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the 2013 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

On April 4, 2019, a tentative approval from TSX was received for a proposed refinancing of the 2013 Debenture subject to certain conditions being met. As a result of the refinancing, the principal amount owing under the 2013 Debenture was refinanced by the May 2019 Debenture. On May 1, 2019, theMay2019 Debenture was issued in the principal amount of $1,050,000, that was originally scheduled to mature on November 1, 2019, bears interest at a rate of 12% per annum and is convertible into 1,779,661 common shares of the Company at a conversion price of $0.59 per common share. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors, and executive officers of the Company, are the holders of the May 2019 Debenture.

(a) Convertible debentures (continued)

Effective November 1, 2019, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was extended to December31, 2019.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective December 31, 2019, the December 31, 2019 maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to February 1, 2020. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at December 31, 2019 of $427,119 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the May 2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 782.7%.

Effective January 31, 2020, the February 1, 2020 maturity date was further extended to March 31, 2020.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective March31, 2020, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to May 15, 2020.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective May 15, 2020, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to June 12, 2020.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective June 12, 2020, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to July 15, 2020.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument was accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective July 15, 2020, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to December 31, 2020.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

(a) Convertible debentures (continued)

Effective December 31, 2020, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to May 31, 2021. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective May 31, 2021, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to July 31, 2021. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective July 31, 2021, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to October 31, 2021. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective October 31, 2021, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to February28, 2022. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective February 28, 2022, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to May 31, 2022. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective May 31, 2022, the maturity date for the May 2019 Debenture was further extended to November 30, 2022. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $1,050,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $1,050,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the May 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

On September 10, 2018, the Company completed a private placement financing of the unsecured convertible 2018 Debenture in the principal amount of $0.5 million. The 2018 Debenture matured on September 1, 2020. The 2018 Debenture bore interest at a rate of 10% per annum, payable monthly, was pre-payable at any time at the option of the Company and was convertible at any time into common shares of the Company at a conversion price of $3.00 per common share at the option of the holder. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors and executive officers of the Company provided the Company with the $0.5 million of the proceeds for the 2018 Debenture.

(a) Convertible debentures (continued)

At issuance, as the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at September 10, 2018 of $66,667 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the 2018 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the 2018 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 7.3%. Effective September 1, 2020, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was further extended to November 30, 2020. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $0.5 million and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $0.5 million, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the 2018 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective November 30, 2020, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was further extended to May 31, 2021. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $0.5 million and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $0.5 million, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the 2018 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective May 31, 2021, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was further extended to July 31, 2021. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $0.5 million and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $0.5 million, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the 2018 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective July 31, 2021, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was further extended to October 31, 2021. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $0.5 million and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $0.5 million, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the 2018 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective October 31, 2021, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was further extended to February28, 2022. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $0.5 million and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $0.5 million, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the 2018 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective February 28, 2022, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was further extended to May 31, 2022. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $0.5 million and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $0.5 million, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the 2018 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Effective May 31, 2022, the maturity date for the 2018 Debenture was further extended to November 30, 2022. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $0.5 million and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $0.5 million, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the 2018 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

(a) Convertible debentures (continued)

On August 26, 2019, the Company completed a private placement financing of the unsecured August 2019 Debenture in the principal amount of $140,800. The August 2019 Debenture was originally scheduled to mature on August 26, 2020, bore interest at a rate of 8% per annum, was pre-payable at any time at the option of the Company up to 180 days from date of issuance with pre-payment penalties ranging from 5% - 30% and was convertible at the option of the Holder into common shares after 180 days at a conversion price which was equal to 75% of the market price (defined as the average of the lowest three (3) trading prices for the common shares during the twenty (20) trading day period prior to the conversion date).The Company incurred $15,800 in debt issuance costs of which $7,031 was debited to Additional paid-in capital and $8,769 was offset against the convertible debenture.

At issuance, as the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at August 26, 2019 of $62,655 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the August 2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the August 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 77.1%.

In November 2019, the August 2019 Debenture was fully paid, and the value of the beneficial conversion feature was recalculated at settlement in the amount of $88,652, which was offset to Additional paid-in capital and $4,419 gain on settlement was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

On November 15, 2019, the Company completed a private placement financing of the unsecured convertible November 2019 Debenture in the principal amount of $0.25 million. The November 2019 Debenture was originally scheduled to mature on December 31, 2019. The November 2019Debenture bore interest at a rate of 12% per annum, payable monthly, was pre-payable at any time at the option of the Company and was convertible at any time into common shares of the Company at a conversion price of $0.12 per common share at the option of the holder. Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors and executive officers of the Company provided the Company with the $0.25 million of the proceeds for the November 2019 Debenture.

At issuance, as the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at November 15, 2019 of $41,667 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 152.4%.

Effective January 31, 2020, the December 31, 2019 maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to March 31, 2020.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions.

At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at January 31, 2020 of $125,000 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 504.4%.

Effective March 31, 2020, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to May 15, 2020.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at March 31, 2020 of $20,833 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital.

(a) Convertible debentures (continued)

Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 72.4%.

Effective May 15, 2020, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to June 12, 2020.Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at May 15, 2020 of $41,667 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 260.9%.

Effective June 12, 2020, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to July 15, 2020. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at June 12, 2020 of $41,666 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture was accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 211.4%.

Effective July 15, 2020, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to December 31, 2020. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at July 15, 2020 of $41,667 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture is accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 40.0%.

Effective December 31, 2020, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to May 31, 2021. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at December 31, 2020 of $41,667 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture is accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 44.9%.

Effective May 31, 2021, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to July 31, 2021. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at May 31, 2021 of $125,000was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the

(a) Convertible debentures (continued)

fair value of the November 2019 Debenture is accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 496.1%.

Effective July 31, 2021, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to October 31, 2021. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at July 31, 2021 of $125,000 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture is accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 309.6%.

Effective October 31, 2021, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to February 28, 2022. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at October 31, 2021 of $62,500 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture is accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 90.8%.

Effective February 28, 2022, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to May 31, 2022. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. As the conversion price was lower than the market share price, the beneficial conversion feature valued at February 28, 2022 of $20,833 was allocated to Additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, the fair value of the November 2019 Debenture is accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using an effective rate of interest of 35.1%.

Effective May 31, 2022, the maturity date for the November 2019 Debenture was further extended to November 30, 2022. Under ASC Subtopic 470-50, the change in the debt instrument was accounted for as an extinguishment. In accordance with ASC paragraph 470-50-40-2, extinguishment transactions between related entities are treated as capital transactions. At the date of extinguishment, the Company derecognized the carrying amount of convertible debt of $250,000 and recorded the new convertible debt at the fair value of $250,000, resulting in no gain or loss. The carrying amount of the debt instrument is accreted over the remaining life of the November 2019 Debenture using a nominal effective rate of interest.

Accreted interest expense during the three and nine months ended August 31, 2021 is $157,844 and $207,726 respectively (three and nine months ended August 31, 2020 is $80,490 and $722,330) and has been included in interest expense in the condensed unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, the coupon interest on the 2018 Debenture, May 2019 Debenture and November 2019 Debenture (collectively, the “Debentures”) for the three and nine months ended August 31, 2021 is $51,887 and $154,535 respectively (three and nine months ended August 31, 2020 - $50,628 and $151,334) and has also been included in interest expense in the condensed unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

(b) Promissory notes payable

In September 2019, the Company issued two unsecured, non-interest bearing promissory notes, with no fixed repayment terms, in the amounts of US$6,500 and CDN$203,886, to Dr. Isa Odidi and Dr. Amina Odidi, who are shareholders, directors and executive officers of the Company.

The approximate future minimum lease payments for the operating lease as at August 31, 2022 were as follows:

Authorized, issued and outstanding

to the public at $0.74 each and a 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable at $0.01 per share. Each 2018 Firm Warrant is exercisable immediately and has a term of five years and each 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable immediately and until all 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised. The Company also issued warrants to the placement agents to purchase 1,160,314 common shares at an exercise price of $0.9375 per share (the “October 2018 Placement Agent Warrants”), which were exercisable immediately upon issuance. In aggregate, the Company issued 2,775,231common shares, 16,563,335 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants and 20,000,000 2018 Firm Warrants in addition to 1,160,314 October 2018 Placement Agent Warrants.

The Company raised $14,344,906 in gross proceeds as part of October 2018 underwritten public offering. The Company recorded $1,808,952 as the value of common shares under Capital stock and $279,086 as the value of the 2018 Firm Warrants and $12,256,868 as the value of the 2018Pre-Funded Warrants under Additional paid-in capital in the condensed unaudited interim consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity (deficiency).

The direct costs related to the issuance of the common shares and warrants issued in October 2018 were $2,738,710 including the cost of October 2018 Placement Agent Warrants in the amount of $461,697. These direct costs were recorded as an offset against the condensed unaudited interim consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity (deficiency) with $345,363 being recorded under Capital stock and $2,393,347 being recorded under Additional paid-in capital.

In April 2021, the Company completed a private placement offering of an aggregate of 9,414,560 common shares at a price of CAD$0.41 per Common Share. The Company recorded $3,069,448 as the value of common shares under Capital stock in the condensed unaudited interim consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity (deficiency). The direct costs related to the issuance of the common shares were $38,220. These direct costs were recorded as an offset against the condensed unaudited interim consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity (deficiency).

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Model, consistent with the provisions of ASC Topic 718 Compensation—Stock Compensation Option pricing models require the use of subjective assumptions, changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value of the options. The Company calculates expected volatility based on historical volatility of the Company’s own volatility for options that have an expected life of less than ten years. The expected term, which represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, is estimated based on the historical average of the term and historical exercises of the options. The risk-free rate assumed in valuing the options is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the expected term of the option.

The expected dividend yield percentage at the date of grant is Nil as the Company is not expected to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

Details of stock option transactions in Canadian dollars (“C$”) are as follows:

Total unrecognized compensation cost relating to the unvested performance-based stock options at August 31, 2022 is $Nil (August 31, 2021 - $Nil).

For the three and nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, no options were exercised.

The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense.

The Company has estimated its stock option forfeitures to be approximately 4% for the three and nine months ended August 31, 2021 (three and nine months ended August 31, 2020–4%).

In the two registered direct offerings completed in March 2018, gross proceeds of $5,300,000 were received through the sale of the Company’s common shares and warrants. The Company issued at the closing of the offering an aggregate of 883,333 common shares at a price of $6.00 per share and the March 2018 Warrants to purchase an additional 441,666 common shares. The March 2018 Warrants became exercisable six months following the closing date, will expire 30 months after the date they became exercisable and have an exercise price of $6.00 per common share. The Company also issued the March 2018 Placement Agent Warrants to purchase 44,166 common shares at an exercise price of $7.50 per share. The holders of March 2018 Warrants and March 2018 Placement Agent Warrants are entitled to a cashless exercise under which the number of shares to be issued will be based on the number of shares for which warrants are exercised times the difference between the market price of the common share and the exercise price divided by the market price. The fair value of the March 2018 Warrants of $1,115,480 was initially estimated at closing using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, using volatility of 70%, risk free interest rates of 2.44% and 2.46%, expected life of 3 years, and dividend yield of Nil.

The fair value of the March 2018 Placement Agent Warrants was estimated at $141,284 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, using volatility of 70%, risk free interest rates of 2.44% and 2.46%, an expected life of 3 years, and a dividend yield of Nil. The March 2018 Warrants and the March 2018 Placement Agent Warrants currently outstanding are detailed below.

In October 2018, the Company completed an underwritten public offering in the United States, resulting in the sale to the public of 827,970 Units at $0.75 per Unit, which are comprised of one common share and one 2018 Unit Warrant (as defined above) exercisable at $0.75 per share. The Company concurrently sold an additional 1,947,261 common shares and 2018 Option Warrants to purchase 2,608,695 common shares exercisable at $0.75 per share pursuant to the overallotment option exercised in part by the underwriter. The price of the common shares issued in connection with exercise of the overallotment option was $0.74 per share and the price for the warrants issued in connection with the exercise of the overallotment option was $0.01 per warrant, less in each case the underwriting discount. In addition, the Company issued 16,563,335 2018 Pre-Funded Units (as defined above), each 2018 Pre-Funded Unit consisting of one 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant (as defined above) to purchase one common share and one 2018 Warrant (as defined above) to purchase one common share. The 2018 Pre-Funded Units were offered to the public at $0.74 each and a 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable at $0.01 per share. Each 2018 Firm Warrant is exercisable immediately and has a term of five years and each 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable immediately and until all 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised. The Company also issued the October 2018 Placement Agent Warrants to the placement agents to purchase 1,160,314 common shares at an exercise price of $0.9375 per share, which were exercisable immediately upon issuance. In aggregate, in October 2018, the Company issued 2,775,231 common shares, 16,563,335 2018 Pre-Funded Warrants and 20,000,000 2018 Firm Warrants in addition to 1,160,314 October 2018 Placement Agent Warrants.

The fair value of the 2018 Firm Warrants of $279,086 was initially estimated at closing using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, using volatility of 92%, risk free interest rate of 3.02%, expected life of 5 years, and dividend yield of Nil. The fair value of the October 2018 Placement Agents Warrants was estimated at $461,697 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, using volatility of 92%, risk free interest rate of 3.02%, an expected life of 5 years, and a dividend yield of Nil.

The fair value of the 2018 Pre-Funded Warrant of $12,256,868 and the fair value of the 2018 Firm Warrants of $279,086, respectively, were recorded under Additional paid-in capital in the condensed unaudited interim consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity (deficiency).

The following table provides information on the 21,160,314 warrants including 2018 Firm Warrants outstanding and exercisable as of August 31, 2022:

During the three and nine months ended August 31, 2022, there were no cash exercises in respect of warrants (three and nine months ended August 31, 2021- Nil).

Details of warrant transactions for the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

application was accepted by the FDA for further review in February 2017. The Company certified to the FDA that it believed that its Oxycodone ER product candidate would not infringe any of the OxyContin® patents listed in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, commonly known as the “Orange Book”, or that such patents are invalid, and so notified Purdue and the other owners of the subject patents listed in the Orange Book of such certification.

On April 7, 2017, the Company received notice that Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P., The P.F. Laboratories, Inc., or collectively the Purdue parties, Rhodes Technologies, and Grünenthal GmbH, or collectively the Purdue litigation plaintiffs, had commenced patent infringement proceedings against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (docket number 17-392) in respect of its NDA filing for Oxycodone ER, alleging that its proposed Oxycodone ER infringes six out of the 16 patents associated with the branded product OxyContin^®, or the OxyContin^® patents, listed in the Orange Book.

Subsequent to the above-noted filing of lawsuit, four further such patents were listed and published in the Orange Book. On March 16, 2018, the Company received notice that the Purdue litigation plaintiffs had commenced further such patent infringement proceedings adding the four further patents. On April 15, 2020, Purdue filed a new patent infringement suit against the Company relating to additional Paragraph IV certifications lodged against two more listed Purdue patents.

As a result of the commencement of the first of these legal proceedings, the FDA was stayed for 30 months from granting final approval to the Company’s Oxycodone ER product candidate. That time period commenced on February 24, 2017, when the Purdue litigation plaintiffs received notice of the Company’s certification concerning the patents, and were to expire on August 24, 2019, unless the stay was earlier terminated by a final declaration of the courts that the patents are invalid, or are not infringed, or the matter is otherwise settled among the parties. On April 24, 2019, an order was issued, setting a trial date of November 12, 2019 for case number 17-392 in the District of Delaware, and also extending the 30-month stay date for regulatory approval to March 2, 2020.

On or about June 26, 2018, the court issued an order to sever 6 “overlapping” patents from the second Purdue case, but ordered litigation to proceed on the 4 new (2017-issued) patents. An answer and counterclaim was filed on July 9, 2018. On July 6, 2018, the court issued a so-called “Markman” claim construction ruling on the first case. On July 24, 2018, the parties to the case mutually agreed to and did have dismissed without prejudice the infringement claims related to the Grünenthal ‘060 patent, which is one of the six patents included in the original litigation case.

On October 4, 2018, the parties mutually agreed to postpone the scheduled court date pending a case status conference scheduled for December 17, 2018. At that time, further trial scheduling and other administrative matters were postponed pending the Company’s resubmission of the Oxycodone ER NDA to the FDA, which was made on February 28, 2019. On January 17, 2019, the court issued a scheduling order in which the remaining major portions are scheduled. The trial was scheduled for June 2020.

On April 4, 2019, the U.S. Federal Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the invalidity of one Purdue OxyContin® formulation patent, subject to further appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Following the filing of a bankruptcy stay by Purdue Pharma L.P., the Company’s ongoing litigation case numbers 1:17-cv-00392-RGA and 1:18-cv-00404-RGA-SRF between Purdue Pharma L.P. et al and The Company were stayed and the existing trial dates in both cases vacated by orders issued in each case by the judge in the District of Delaware on October 3, 2019. With the litigation stay order, the previous 30-month stay date of March 2, 2020 was unchanged.

On or about July 2, 2020 the parties in the cases, numbers 17-cv-392-RGA, 18-cv-404-RGA and 20-cv-515-RGA (the “Litigations”) between Purdue Pharma L.P. et al (“Purdue’) and Intellipharmaceutics entered into a stipulated dismissal of the Litigations. The stipulated dismissal, which was subject to approval by the bankruptcy court presiding over Purdue Pharma’s pending chapter 11 cases, provides for the termination of the patent infringement proceedings. The stipulated dismissal also provides that (i) for a thirty (30) day period following a final approval of the Company’s Aximris XRTM NDA the parties will attempt to resolve any potential asserted patent infringement claims relating to the NDA and (ii) if the parties fail to resolve all such claims during such period Purdue Pharma will have fifteen (15) days to pursue an infringement action against the Company. The terms of the stipulated dismissal agreement are confidential.